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Data communications modulation protocol
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the
Frequency-shift_keying
Topics referred to by the same term
the term frequency shift may refer to: Any change in frequency A Doppler shift In facsimile, a frequency modulation system where one frequency represents
Frequency_shift
Method for modulation of data
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) is a commonly used variation of frequency-shift keying (FSK), which is itself a special case of analog frequency modulation
Continuous_phase_modulation
Type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins
Minimum-shift_keying
Frequency change of a wave for observer relative to its source
The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency or, equivalently, the period of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving
Doppler_effect
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
function of a complex variable s {\displaystyle s} (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain or s-plane). The functions are often denoted
Laplace_transform
Data communications modulation protocol
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) is a variation of frequency-shift keying (FSK) that uses more than two frequencies. MFSK is a form of M-ary orthogonal
Multiple frequency-shift keying
Multiple_frequency-shift_keying
electricity meters, water meters and SCADA. It is also known as spread frequency-shift keying (S-FSK) and was formerly known as IEC 1334 before IEC's most
IEC_61334
Physical effect in general relativity
{\displaystyle c} the speed of light. The result is that frequencies and wavelengths are shifted according to the ratio 1 + z = λ ∞ λ e = ( 1 − r S R e
Gravitational_redshift
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
redshifted; collectively, these two effects are known as the gravitational frequency shift. More generally, processes close to a massive body run more slowly
General_relativity
3–30 kHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km,
Very_low_frequency
ISO standard
sent using a Manchester code. Frequency-shift keying by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 32) and a 484.25 kHz
ISO/IEC_15693
Scientific phenomenon
in observed frequencies and possess the required Lorentz symmetry. Astronomers know of three sources of redshift/blueshift: Doppler shifts; gravitational
Relativistic_Doppler_effect
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
transmitted using a form of frequency modulation known as frequency-shift keying (FSK), in which the frequency of a carrier is switched among a discrete set of
Frequency_modulation
Nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction
variation in refractive index will produce a phase shift in the pulse, leading to a change of the pulse's frequency spectrum. Self-phase modulation is an important
Self-phase_modulation
Object detection system using radio waves
frequency shift for active radar is as follows, where F D {\displaystyle F_{D}} is Doppler frequency, F T {\displaystyle F_{T}} is transmit frequency
Radar
Device which diffracts light via sound waves
acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency). They are used in lasers for Q-switching
Acousto-optic_modulator
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
π/4–QPSK Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) Multi-frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK) Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling
Signal_modulation
Small-scale magnetometer
can result in the shift of the resonant frequency of the moving structure which is equivalent to noise for resonant frequency shift sensing or the voltage
MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor
t (often time) to a function of a complex variable s (complex angular frequency). The Laplace transform of a function f ( t ) {\displaystyle f(t)} can
List_of_Laplace_transforms
radiation has the same energy as the incident radiation, meaning no frequency shift is observed. This peak is generally quite intense and is not of direct
Brillouin_spectroscopy
Shortwave radio stations broadcasting only numbers
phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying, as well as Morse code transmissions, are also used. Stations may operate on set schedules and frequencies in
Numbers_station
Signal processing technique
signals in a nonlinear device to produce new frequency components, notably sum and difference frequencies of the original signals. This process, called
Heterodyne
Type of microscopy using a physical probe
change to a more repulsive (less attractive) force can shift the resonance past the drive frequency causing it to decrease again. In constant height mode
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
which various frequencies are present in the original function. The output of the transform is a complex valued function of frequency. The term Fourier
Fourier_transform
Test of gravitational redshift
The Pound–Rebka experiment monitored frequency shifts in gamma rays as they rose and fell in the gravitational field of the Earth. The experiment tested
Pound–Rebka_experiment
Telecommunication signaling system
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is a telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone
DTMF_signaling
Radio linked electromechanical communications system
produce the final audio-frequency shift keying (AFSK) radio frequency signal. Some transmitters are capable of direct frequency-shift keying (FSK) as they
Radioteletype
Variation in resonant frequency of identical atomic nuclei in a magnetic field
chemical shift is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field. Often the position and number of chemical shifts are
Chemical_shift
1842 treatise by Christian Doppler
his equations for the frequency shift, in two cases: § 4 Doppler gives imaginary examples of large and small frequency shifts for sound: § 5 Doppler
On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other stars of the heavens
On_the_coloured_light_of_the_binary_stars_and_some_other_stars_of_the_heavens
Pitch heard due to binaural processing
pure-tone like sound at singular frequency and are generated by creating an interaural phase shift at a narrow frequency band. This changes the point at
Dichotic_pitch
Equation
= 2.947×1011 g·cm−1·s−2) The normalized frequency Δ f {\displaystyle \Delta f} is the nominal frequency shift of that mode divided by its mode number
Sauerbrey_equation
Simple and widely known encryption technique
easily spot the value of the shift by looking at the displacement of particular features of the graph. This is known as frequency analysis. For example, in
Caesar_cipher
keying: PSK63 63-baud quadrature phase shift keying: QPSK63 Frequency-shift keying: Radioteletype (RTTY) Frequency-shift keying Spread spectrum, which may
List_of_amateur_radio_modes
Commercial modem
second. The Bell 101 modem used audio frequency-shift keying to encode data. Different pairs of audio frequencies were used by each station: The originating
Bell_101
be used to derive analytical expressions for the resulting resonant frequency shift and linewidth change (or Q factor change) by referring only to the
Cavity_perturbation_theory
Relativistic effect due to rotation
inside the enclosed area. The phase shift of the interference fringes is proportional to the platform's angular frequency ω {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega
Sagnac_effect
Electronic text communication device
for TTY communications was accomplished electro-mechanically through frequency-shift keying (FSK) allowing only half-duplex communication, where only one
Telecommunications device for the deaf
Telecommunications_device_for_the_deaf
Flow meter using ultrasound
propagating into and against the direction of the flow or by measuring the frequency shift from the Doppler effect. Ultrasonic flow meters are affected by the
Ultrasonic_flow_meter
Standard in building automation
has a carrier frequency centred on 132.5 kHz (CENELEC C-band). RF enables communication in the 868.3 MHz band for using frequency shift keying with Manchester
KNX
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Shift or shift in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Shift may refer to: Shift (series), a 2008 online video game series by Armor Games Need for
Shift
Measurement of the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator
the following simple relation holds as long as the frequency shift is much smaller than the frequency itself: Δ f ∗ f f = i π Z q Z L {\displaystyle {\frac
Quartz_crystal_microbalance
Type of radar where a known stable frequency continuous wave radio energy is transmitted
without frequency modulation (FM) only detects moving targets, as stationary targets (along the line of sight) will not cause a Doppler shift. Reflected
Continuous-wave_radar
Ultrasound imaging of the movement of tissues and body fluids using the Doppler effect
blood), and their relative velocity to the probe. By calculating the frequency shift of a particular sample volume, for example, flow in an artery or a
Doppler_ultrasonography
Optoelectronic temperature sensing device
the fibre and the material itself and cause a frequency shift in the incident light. This frequency shift can then be used to measure temperature changes
Distributed temperature sensing
Distributed_temperature_sensing
Type of data encoding
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The
Phase-shift_keying
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
force or vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximum
Resonance
Radar signal processing technique
shift of a single received signal. This can be fed into a bandpass filter to filter out any part of the return signal that does not show a frequency shift
Moving_target_indication
Type of amplitude-shift keying modulation
between computers, for example. OOK is more spectrally efficient than frequency-shift keying, but more sensitive to noise when using a regenerative receiver
On–off_keying
Changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch
harmonic frequencies that determine the sound's timbre, unlike the frequency shift performed by amplitude modulation, which adds a fixed frequency offset
Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling
Wireless technique of sending and receiving messages through water
follows: Frequency-shift keying (FSK) Phase-shift keying (PSK) Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) Frequency and
Underwater acoustic communication
Underwater_acoustic_communication
Software
to complete at least one stage of a contact. FSK441 employs multi-frequency shift keying using four tones, at a data rate of 441 baud. Because of the
WSJT_(amateur_radio_software)
Communications protocol
modulation used is frequency-shift keying (FSK) with a ±4.5 kHz shift on the carrier. The high frequency represents a 0 and the low frequency a 1. The ±4.5 kHz
POCSAG
Line code in which the signal value returns to zero between each pulse
pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), zero phase shift in phase-shift keying (PSK), or mid-frequency in frequency-shift keying (FSK). That "zero" condition is typically
Return-to-zero
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
in a practical frequency mixer. Mixers are widely used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as heterodyning, for convenience
Frequency_mixer
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
rather than land-line circuits was used for this traffic. These audio frequency shift keying non-Morse (NoMo) messages were picked up by Britain's Y-stations
Lorenz_cipher
Electronic circuit with sine-wave output
phase shift that increases with frequency. It must have a maximum phase shift of more than 180 degrees at high frequencies so the phase shift at the
Phase-shift_oscillator
Cyclic changes in arterial blood pressure
variability. Takalo et al. (1999) state that "the frequency shift of Mayer waves to lower frequencies is associated with an increased risk of developing
Mayer_waves
Frequency shift in the electromagnetic spectrum
The Wolf effect (sometimes Wolf shift) is a frequency shift in the electromagnetic spectrum. The phenomenon occurs in several closely related phenomena
Wolf_effect
Sequence of digital values used for synchronisation
receiving accurate data had not. This is demonstrated in an article on Frequency Shift Keying published by Wireless World. In 1953 R. H. Barker published
Barker_code
Instrument for sensing microscopic vibrations of a surface
and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from the Doppler shift of the reflected laser beam frequency due to the motion of the surface
Laser_Doppler_vibrometer
Frequency shift keying digital mode
FT8 (short for Franke–Taylor design, 8-FSK modulation) is a frequency shift keying digital mode of radio communication used by amateur radio operators
FT8
Radio communication protocol
Establishment for initiating data communications, with ARQ 8FSK frequency-shift keying and PSK phase-shift keying signals. "HFLINK". Retrieved 21 Sep 2010. v t e
High Frequency Internet Protocol
High_Frequency_Internet_Protocol
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
For example, the ITU-T V.21 standard used audio frequency-shift keying with two possible frequencies, corresponding to two distinct symbols (or one bit
Modem
Difference between absorption and emission peak maxima
Stokes shift is the difference between positions (expressed in terms of energy, wavenumber or frequency) of the spectral band maxima of the absorption
Stokes_shift
light scattering ) is based on dynamic light scattering. The frequency shift or phase shift of an incident laser beam depends on the dispersed particles
Electrophoretic light scattering
Electrophoretic_light_scattering
System for remotely transmitting printed notices to ships
messages are transmitted using binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) at 100 bit/s and a 170 Hz frequency shift. The characters are encoded using the 7-bit
NAVTEX
Digital modulation scheme
{\displaystyle g(t)} is a Nyquist function. Frequency-shift keying (FSK) "Telecommunication - Modulation, Signals, Frequency | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica
Amplitude-shift_keying
Frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted during transmission or reception
intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. The intermediate frequency is
Intermediate_frequency
Medical imaging technique of the heart
in many cases it is not the frequency shift (Doppler shift) of the received signal that is measured, but the phase shift (when the received signal arrives)
Doppler_echocardiography
System for transmitting text messages
an improvement over radioteletype (RTTY). Although it uses the same frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation used by regular RTTY, SITOR uses error detection
SITOR
Electronic device that emits radio waves
In an FM (frequency modulation) transmitter the frequency of the carrier is varied by the modulation signal. In an FSK (frequency-shift keying) transmitter
Transmitter
Radar signal processing
{Doppler\ Frequency\times C}{Transmit\ Frequency}}\right)} Frequency is folded for high speed targets where radial velocity produces a frequency shift above
Frequency ambiguity resolution
Frequency_ambiguity_resolution
Elapsed fraction of a cycle of a periodic function
delay, and frequency ECE 209: Sources of Phase Shift Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine — Discusses the time-domain sources of phase shift in simple
Phase_(waves)
Tool used to spoof caller ID
orange box is a piece of hardware or software that generates caller ID frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals to spoof caller ID information on the target's
Orange_box
Radio station in Grove City–Columbus, Ohio
option for purchase. Although generally reported and regarded as a "frequency shift" for WWCD, Fun With Radio took over programming and operations of WCVZ;
WOSA
Type of radar system
movement in range produces frequency shift on the signal reflected from the target. Doppler frequency = 2 × transmit frequency × radial velocity C . {\displaystyle
Pulse-Doppler_radar
Ability to automatically recognize targets
causes a frequency shift known as the Doppler effect. In addition to the translational motion of the entire object, an additional frequency shift can be
Automatic_target_recognition
Type of microscopy
amplitude of an imposed oscillation of the cantilever, or the shift in resonance frequency of the cantilever (see section Imaging Modes). The detector (5)
Atomic_force_microscopy
Change in a molecule's spectral band position to a longer wavelength
effect is also commonly called a red shift. Hypsochromic shift is a change to shorter wavelength (higher frequency). It can occur because of a change in
Bathochromic_shift
Radio wave detection and transmission system defined by its separation
between receiver and target is Rrx, the received bistatic Doppler frequency shift is calculated as: f = − 1 λ d d t ( R t x + R r x ) {\displaystyle
Bistatic_radar
K-Love radio station in Columbus, Ohio
the 102.5 MHz frequency immediately, with a future option for purchase. Although generally reported and regarded as a "frequency shift", Fun With Radio
WKVR_(FM)
Marine radio standard
transmitting predefined digital messages via the medium-frequency (MF), high-frequency (HF) and very-high-frequency (VHF) maritime radio systems. It is a core part
Digital_selective_calling
Deviation of a physical system from being a harmonic oscillator
intermodulation and combination tones. As a first approximation, the frequency shift Δ ω = ω − ω 0 {\displaystyle \Delta \omega =\omega -\omega _{0}} is
Anharmonicity
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
relative to the antenna — each object will have its own doppler shift. A precise frequency analysis of the radar reflections will thus allow the construction
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Form of signal modulation using time shifts
M-ary non-coherent modulation technique is M-ary frequency-shift keying (M-FSK), which is the frequency-domain dual to PPM. PPM and M-FSK systems with the
Pulse-position_modulation
De facto standard in radio communications
transceivers. The modulation method is 8ary Frequency Shift Keying or 8FSK, also sometimes called Multi Frequency Shift Keying MFSK, with eight orthogonal tones
Automatic_link_establishment
Amateur telecommunications protocol
Olivia MFSK is an amateur radioteletype protocol, using multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) and designed to work in difficult (low signal-to-noise
Olivia_MFSK
Multi-tool electronic device
300–900 MHz radio frequency range, a Texas Instruments CC1101 chip is used, which supports amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulations
Flipper_Zero
Historical radio tower in Hungary
power of 100 kW; the data bursts are at 200 baud with +/- 170 Hz FSK (Frequency Shift Keying). In Europe there are similar radio masts at Lisnagarvey, Northern
Lakihegy_Tower
Instrument used to determine the height of an object above a certain point
to the aircraft. Alternatively, Frequency Modulated Continuous-wave radar can be used. The greater the frequency shift the further the distance travelled
Altimeter
Oscillator with frequency controlled by a voltage input
applications such as frequency modulation and frequency-shift keying. The functional relationship between the control voltage and the output frequency for a VCO
Voltage-controlled_oscillator
Secure speech system
corresponding frequencies in a frequency band, a scheme known as "frequency-shift keying (FSK)". The receiving SIGSALY read the frequency values, converted
SIGSALY
value, such that the AC Stark shift caused by the laser intensity fluctuation has no effect on the transition frequency between the two clock states.
Magic_wavelength
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
(1976) modem standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per
Bell_202
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
107758 TAI seconds, making the total of all the small time steps and frequency shifts in UTC or TAI during 1958–1971 exactly ten seconds, so that 1 January
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Type of laser diode
is that there are associated frequency shifts together with the intensity shifts (laser chirp). These frequency shifts, together with dispersion in the
Distributed-feedback_laser
Function in discrete mathematics
complex conjugation. It is possible to shift the transform sampling in time and/or frequency domain by some real shifts a and b, respectively. This is sometimes
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Call assistance services
spoken responses in real time. The TDD itself transmitted text via frequency-shift keying (FSK) at 45.5 baud using a variant of the Baudot code, allowing
Operator_assistance
Effect on frequency of interacting oscillators
results in a constant frequency shift over time. If the resultant, shifted oscillation frequency matches the injection frequency, the oscillator is said to
Injection_locking
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : unexplained. This is a frequent name in OH.
Surname or Lastname
Swedish (also frequent in Finland)
Swedish (also frequent in Finland) : ornamental name from an unexplained first element + the suffix -lin or -in, common suffixes of surnames.French (Hélin) : from a pet form of Hélie (see Helie 1).French (Hélin) : from the Germanic personal name Heilin, a short form of any of various compound names with the first element heil (see Heilmann 2).English : variant of Hillian.
Boy/Male
English American
A name beginning with D, also frequently used as an independent name.
Surname or Lastname
English (Dorset)
English (Dorset) : unexplained. This name is frequent in Nova Scotia.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One who Remembers God Frequently
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Postlethwait. This is the more frequent spelling in the British Isles.
Surname or Lastname
English (frequent in eastern England)
English (frequent in eastern England) : ethnic name from Norman French aleman ‘German’ or alemayne ‘Germany’ (Late Latin Alemannus and Alemannia, from a Germanic tribal name that probably originally meant ‘all the men’). In some cases the surname may be from the region of Normandy known as Allemagne (south of Caen), probably named as a Germanic-speaking enclave in a Celtic area in Roman times. In North America, the form Allman has probably absorbed some cases of cognates from other languages, in particular Spanish Aleman and French Alleman.German (Allmann) : variant of Allemann (see Alleman) or in some cases probably an Americanized form of the same name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Newborn. This name occurs frequently in NC.
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Boy/Male
English American Shakespearean
Derived from the English place name, meaning Bede's ford. Most frequently used as a surname.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prolific; Frequently Producing
Boy/Male
English American
Tile layer, or a. An English surname frequently used as a given name.
Surname or Lastname
English (most frequent in northern Ireland)
English (most frequent in northern Ireland) : from Middle English fe(i)th ‘belief (especially Christian belief)’, ‘faithfulness’, ‘loyalty’. This may have been a nickname for a trustworthy person, but was more probably bestowed on one who used ‘Faith!’ frequently as a mild oath or exclamation.
Girl/Female
Latin American English
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Latin English
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who remembers God frequently
Boy/Male
English American
Tile layer, or a. An English surname frequently used as a given name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Byerly. In England this is the more frequent spelling.
Surname or Lastname
English (also frequent in Wales)
English (also frequent in Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Watkin.
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who travels
Girl/Female
Tamil
Prasidhi | பà¯à®°à®¸à¯€à®¤à¯€
Famous
Boy/Male
Spanish American Biblical Latin
Long haired.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Ease; Comfort
Girl/Female
Hindu
Wave, Born in the ocean, **
Girl/Female
Tamil
Movement
Boy/Male
Muslim
Powerful, Patient
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
A Crysanthemum
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Water Used for Worship (Pooja)
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Blue Lotus; Fountain
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
FREQUENCY SHIFT
n.
The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion.
n.
Infrequency.
n.
A crowd; a throng; a concourse.
n.
Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits.
n.
Frequency.
v. t.
To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.
adv.
Frequently; often.
v. t.
To quote constantly or with great frequency.
n.
Commonness; frequency.
adv.
At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
n.
A crowd; a throng.
n.
The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the infrquence of his visits.
adv.
Frequently; often.
adv.
Frequently; often.
a.
Too frequent.
n.
The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.
pl.
of Frequency
n.
Frequency.
a.
Frequent; numerous.
n.
Frequency; abundance.