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the embedding problem is a generalization of the inverse Galois problem. Roughly speaking, it asks whether a given Galois extension can be embedded into
Embedding_problem
Mathematical problem in von Neumann algebra theory
Connes' embedding problem, formulated by Alain Connes in the 1970s, is a major problem in von Neumann algebra theory. During that time, the problem was reformulated
Connes_embedding_problem
Inclusion of one mathematical structure in another, preserving properties of interest
derivative is everywhere injective. An embedding, or a smooth embedding, is defined to be an immersion that is an embedding in the topological sense mentioned
Embedding
In mathematics and probability theory, Skorokhod's embedding theorem is either or both of two theorems that allow one to regard any suitable collection
Skorokhod's_embedding_theorem
Undecidable decision problem introduced by Emil Post
so-called 2-marked Post Correspondence Problem), the problem becomes undecidable again. The Post Embedding Problem is another variant where one looks for
Post_correspondence_problem
Branch of the mathematical field of graph theory
the embedding of graphs in surfaces, spatial embeddings of graphs, and graphs as topological spaces. It also studies immersions of graphs. Embedding a graph
Topological_graph_theory
Graph layout on multiple half-planes
In graph theory, a book embedding is a generalization of planar embedding of a graph to embeddings in a book, a collection of half-planes all having the
Book_embedding
Added a basic definition in group theory and algebra
appears in Galois theory, in the study of the inverse Galois problem or the embedding problem which is a generalization of the former. Definition: A finite
Semiabelian_group
Embedding a graph in a topological space, often Euclidean
embedding, cellular embedding or map is an embedding in which every face is homeomorphic to an open disk. A closed 2-cell embedding is an embedding in
Graph_embedding
Every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space
Nash embedding theorems (or imbedding theorems), named after John Forbes Nash Jr., state that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into
Nash_embedding_theorems
the d {\displaystyle d} -th power of a linear polynomial? Connes embedding problem in Von Neumann algebra theory Crouzeix's conjecture: the matrix norm
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Theoretical upper limit to non-local correlations in quantum mechanics
thus solving Tsirelson's problem in the negative. Tsirelson's problem has been shown to be equivalent to Connes' embedding problem, so the same proof also
Tsirelson's_bound
Method in natural language processing
In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis. Typically, the representation is
Word_embedding
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
or never updated, such as legacy and embedded systems. Modern systems and software updates address this problem by using signed 64-bit integers, which
Year_2038_problem
Danish Statistician and Econometrician (born 1939)
probability" and in 1974, he became dr. phil. with the thesis "The embedding problem for Markov chains".[citation needed] Johansen visited UCSD where he
Søren_Johansen
Insertion of foreign objects into soft tissues under the skin or into muscle
Self-embedding is the insertion of foreign objects either into soft tissues under the skin or into muscle. Self-embedding is typically considered deliberate
Self-embedding
Generalization of a positive-definite matrix
function-theory, moment problems, integral equations, boundary-value problems for partial differential equations, machine learning, the embedding problem, information
Positive-definite_kernel
Area of discrete mathematics
embedding (or imbedding) of a graph in surface and linkless embedding, graph minors, crossing number, map coloring, and voltage graph. The embedding of
Graph_theory
Dimensionality reduction of graph-based semantic data objects [machine learning task]
embedding of the head from the embedding of tail given the embedding of the relation. In other words, it quantifies the plausibility of the embedded representation
Knowledge_graph_embedding
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
optimizes to find an embedding that aligns the tangent spaces. Maximum Variance Unfolding, Isomap and Locally Linear Embedding share a common intuition
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
American mathematician (1927–2010)
pp. 299–311. Howie, John M.; Selfridge, J. L. (1991). "A semigroup embedding problem and an arithmetical function". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge
John_Selfridge
Embedding a graph in 3D space with no cycles interlinked
graph theory, a mathematical discipline, a linkless embedding of an undirected graph is an embedding of the graph into three-dimensional Euclidean space
Linkless_embedding
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
un-embedding layer is almost the reverse of an embedding layer. Whereas an embedding layer converts a token identifier into a vector, an un-embedding layer
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Taiwanese-American mathematician
and Q-curvature. In CR Geometry he is known for his work on the CR embedding problem, the CR Paneitz operator and for introducing the Q' curvature in CR
Paul_C._Yang
Mathematical puzzle of avoiding crossings
houses and utilities and edges representing their connections, has a graph embedding in the plane. The impossibility of the puzzle corresponds to the fact
Three_utilities_problem
Generalization of the inverse function theorem
(1956), who proved the theorem in the special case of the isometric embedding problem. It is clear from his paper that his method can be generalized. Moser
Nash–Moser_theorem
Representation in natural language processing
In natural language processing, a sentence embedding (or document embedding) is a representation of a natural language text as a vector of numbers which
Sentence_embedding
Japanese mathematician (1924–2021)
point by an embedding in C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} . Thus, by Kuranishi's work, in real dimension 9 and higher, local embedding of abstract
Masatake_Kuranishi
Probability of shared birthdays
(2016). "Asymptotic Distribution for the Birthday Problem with Multiple Coincidences, via an Embedding of the Collision Process". Random Structures & Algorithms
Birthday_problem
Class of nonparametric methods
rule in the kernel embedding framework expresses the kernel embedding of the conditional distribution in terms of conditional embedding operators which are
Kernel embedding of distributions
Kernel_embedding_of_distributions
simultaneous geometric embedding exists, it automatically is also a simultaneous embedding with fixed edges. For simultaneous embedding problems on more than two
Simultaneous_embedding
Graph that can be embedded in the plane
planar graph. A 1-outerplanar embedding of a graph is the same as an outerplanar embedding. For k > 1 a planar embedding is k-outerplanar if removing the
Planar_graph
inverse embedding. Cocompactness property allows to verify convergence of sequences, based on translational or scaling invariance in the problem, and is
Cocompact_embedding
Deviations from local realism
Q_{c}} , thus solving Tsirelson's problem. Tsirelson's problem can be shown equivalent to Connes embedding problem, a famous conjecture in the theory
Quantum_nonlocality
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
the telescope between the sources; in such problems, the TSP can be embedded inside an optimal control problem. In many applications, additional constraints
Travelling_salesman_problem
Word embedding method
bidirectional LSTM on top of a token embedding layer. The output of all LSTMs concatenated together consists of the token embedding. The input text sequence is
ELMo
Concept in sociolinguistics
response to an important question in sociolinguistics known as the embedding problem, a problem "concerned with determining regular patterns in both the linguistic
Curvilinear_principle
Meta-ethical theory
basis of its goodness. Another argument is the "embedding problem" in which ethical sentences are embedded into more complex sentences. Consider the following
Non-cognitivism
Non-orientable surface with one edge
equilateral-triangle version of the Möbius strip. This flat triangular embedding can lift to a smooth embedding in three dimensions, in which the strip lies flat in three
Möbius_strip
Semigroup with the cancellation property
the close relationship between the semigroup embeddability problem and the more general problem of embedding a category into a groupoid. Cancellation property
Cancellative_semigroup
Problem in combinatorial optimization
Knapsack problem using quantum computation by minimizing the Hamiltonian of the problem. The Knapsack Hamiltonian is constructed via embedding the constraint
Knapsack_problem
Planar graph drawn by relaxing springs
theory, a Tutte embedding or barycentric embedding of a simple, 3-vertex-connected, planar graph is a crossing-free straight-line embedding with the properties
Tutte_embedding
American mathematician and Nobel Laureate (1928–2015)
of the embedding to be very small, with the effect that in many cases it is logically impossible that a highly-differentiable isometric embedding exists
John_Forbes_Nash_Jr.
Mathematical propositions in network flow theory
n-node graph G and an embedding of K n {\displaystyle K_{n}} in G, Chung et al. defined the forwarding index of the embedding to be the maximum number
Approximate max-flow min-cut theorem
Approximate_max-flow_min-cut_theorem
Series of language models developed by Google AI
layer is the embedding layer, which contains three components: token type embeddings, position embeddings, and segment type embeddings. Token type: The
BERT_(language_model)
Branch of mathematics
(-1)^{k+1}\operatorname {CM} (P_{0},\ldots ,P_{k})\geq 0,} then such an embedding exists. Further, such embedding is unique up to isometry in R n {\displaystyle \mathbb
Distance_geometry
Chinese-American mathematician (born 1949)
orientable 3-manifold such that every smooth embedding of a 2-sphere can be extended to a smooth embedding of the unit ball, then the same is true of any
Shing-Tung_Yau
Problem in computer science
In computability theory, the halting problem is the decision problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input
Halting_problem
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
3x+1 problem". Acta Arithmetica. 56 (1): 33–53. doi:10.4064/aa-56-1-33-53. ISSN 0065-1036. Belaga, Edward G.; Mignotte, Maurice (1998). "Embedding the
Collatz_conjecture
French mathematician (born 1947)
classification of injective factors. He also formulated the Connes embedding problem. Following this, he made contributions in operator K-theory and index
Alain_Connes
On graph drawing with integer edge lengths
Unsolved problem in mathematics Does every planar graph have an integral Fáry embedding? More unsolved problems in mathematics In mathematics, Harborth's
Harborth's_conjecture
Computer bugs related to the year 2000
The term Year 2000 problem, or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and
Year_2000_problem
AMPL-like syntax for easy model formulation Built-in data section for embedding problem data Compatibility with GLPK for solving and analysis Ability to import
GNU_MathProg
Models used to produce word embeddings
this to explain some properties of word embeddings, including their use to solve analogies. The word embedding approach is able to capture multiple different
Word2vec
Cycles in a graph that cover each edge twice
an embedding on a manifold: the cell complex formed by the cycles of the cover may have non-manifold topology at its vertices. The circular embedding conjecture
Cycle_double_cover
Combinatorial optimization problem
maximum cut, graph coloring and the partition problem, embeddings into QUBO have been formulated. Embeddings for machine learning models include support-vector
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization
Quadratic_unconstrained_binary_optimization
Embedding of the circle in three dimensional Euclidean space
is provided by the graphs with linkless embeddings and knotless embeddings. A linkless embedding is an embedding of the graph with the property that any
Knot_(mathematics)
List of unsolved computational problems
Can a simultaneous embedding with fixed edges for two given graphs be found in polynomial time? Can the square-root sum problem be solved in polynomial
List of unsolved problems in computer science
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science
Set of learning techniques in machine learning
Kevin Chen-Chuan (September 2018). "A Comprehensive Survey of Graph Embedding: Problems, Techniques, and Applications". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and
Feature_learning
Swedish mathematician and concert pianist
{\displaystyle D<{\sqrt {m}}} . Consequently, the optimal embedding is the natural embedding, which realizes { 0 , 1 } m {\displaystyle \{0,1\}^{m}} as
Per_Enflo
by these controls, an appropriate holomorphic embedding must be also defined. The method uses an embedding technique by means of a complex parameter s.
Holomorphic Embedding Load-flow method
Holomorphic_Embedding_Load-flow_method
Complexity class
proof implies that the Connes embedding problem and Tsirelson's problem are false. RE-complete is the set of decision problems that are complete for RE. In
RE_(complexity)
Lindenstrauss, Elon; Tsukamoto, Masaki (March 2014). "Mean dimension and an embedding problem: An example". Israel Journal of Mathematics. 199 (2): 573–584. doi:10
Universal_space
containing X. Formally speaking, this embedding was first introduced by Kuratowski, but a very close variation of this embedding appears already in the papers
Kuratowski_embedding
Assumption used in cryptographic systems
if the embedding degree is small, there are some subgroups of the curve in which the DDH assumption is believed to hold. Diffie–Hellman problem Diffie–Hellman
Decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption
Decisional_Diffie–Hellman_assumption
Technique for drawing non-planar graphs
algorithm in the dual graph of the current embedding, in order to find the shortest sequence of faces of the embedding and edges to be crossed that connects
Planarization
Graph with at most one crossing per edge
only for graphs with a known 1-planar embedding, and use a tree decomposition of a planarization of the embedding with crossings replaced by degree-four
1-planar_graph
Graph drawing with vertices on a line
case, an embedding without crossings (if one exists) may be found in polynomial time by translating the problem into a 2-satisfiability problem, in which
Arc_diagram
Algorithmic problem of finding non-crossing drawings
graphs to incrementally build planar embeddings of every 3-connected component of G (and hence a planar embedding of G itself). The construction starts
Planarity_testing
Largest independent set of paired elements
possible. The optimal embedding can then be obtained by pairing edges within each component and inserting each pair into an embedding, one pair at a time
Matroid_parity_problem
Canadian-American mathematician (1925–2020)
wave equations.[BN78a][BN78b] In John Nash's work on the isometric embedding problem, the key step is a small perturbation result, highly reminiscent of
Louis_Nirenberg
Special kind of semigroup in mathematics
numerical semigroup with embedding dimension three. Every positive integer is the Frobenius number of some numerical semigroup with embedding dimension three.
Numerical_semigroup
Process in artificial intelligence and operations research
determining feasible solutions to problems containing hundreds of variables. During the 1980s and 1990s, embedding of constraints into a programming language
Constraint_satisfaction
ISO/IEC standard for embedding metadata in JPEG file formats
international standard that defines a universal container format for embedding any type of metadata in box-based JPEG file formats. It is standardized
JUMBF
Term in mathematics
it can be defined as a complex manifold admitting a proper holomorphic embedding into C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} for some n {\displaystyle n}
Stein_manifold
OpenType inherited font format, from Microsoft with MTX compression
Microsoft. 2009-11-10. Microsoft Typography - Font Embedding for the Web Microsoft Typography - Web Embedding Fonts Tool EOT-utils – open-source free software
Embedded_OpenType
make progress and the greedy routing process fails. A greedy embedding is an embedding of the given graph with the property that a failure of this type
Greedy_embedding
Problem in finite group theory
groups with solvable word problem is unsolvable. This has some interesting consequences. For instance, the Higman embedding theorem can be used to construct
Word_problem_for_groups
2008 science fiction novel by Liu Cixin
The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体; pinyin: Sān tǐ; lit. 'three body') is a 2008 novel by the Chinese hard science fiction author Liu Cixin. It is the
The Three-Body Problem (novel)
The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)
German mathematician
prescribed mean curvature, in particular of minimal surfaces, for the Weyl embedding problem, and for systems of Monge-Ampère type. In 1994 he was awarded the
Erhard_Heinz
Partial differential equation technique
Nash embedding theorem, specifically the Nash–Kuiper theorem, which says that any short smooth ( C ∞ {\displaystyle C^{\infty }} ) embedding or immersion
Homotopy_principle
In group theory, Higman's embedding theorem states that every finitely generated recursively presented group R can be embedded as a subgroup of some finitely
Higman's_embedding_theorem
Set-theoretic concept
There is a nontrivial elementary embedding j : V → V {\displaystyle j:V\to V} J2: There is a nontrivial elementary embedding j : V → V {\displaystyle j:V\to
Reinhardt_cardinal
Undirected unit-distance graph requiring four colors
triangle-free graph. Thus, the unit distance embedding of the Moser graph may be used to solve the problem of placing seven points in the plane in such
Moser_spindle
Problem in network theory
methods. Graph embeddings also offer a convenient way to predict links. Graph embedding algorithms, such as Node2vec, learn an embedding space in which
Link_prediction
Fault in a computer system that presents different symptoms to different observers
failed. The term takes its name from an allegory, the "Byzantine generals problem", developed to describe a situation in which, to avoid catastrophic failure
Byzantine_fault
Planar graphs have straight drawings
straight-line combinatorially isomorphic re-embedding of G in which triangle abc is the outer face of the embedding. (Combinatorially isomorphic means that
Fáry's_theorem
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
for each document or document section, a feature vector (known as an "embedding") is computed, typically using a deep learning network, and stored in
Vector_database
Graph representing faces of another graph
graph: it is not planar but can be embedded in a torus, with each face of the embedding being a triangle. This embedding has the Heawood graph as its dual
Dual_graph
Italian philosopher
81-109) Richard Stuart Anderson, Some Remarks on the Frege-Geach Embedding Problem 2009 Kurt Ranalter, "A Semantic Analysis of a Logic of Assertions
Carlo_Dalla_Pozza
dimension has also been used to study quasiconformal mappings and embeddability problems. The Assouad dimension of X , d A ( X ) {\displaystyle X,d_{A}(X)}
Assouad_dimension
Comprehensive physical model
are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well. Unsolved problem in physics Are the three forces of the Standard Model unified at high energies
Grand_Unified_Theory
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
'space-like surface') is picked and an "embedding diagram" drawn depicting the curvature of space at that time, the embedding diagram will look like a tube connecting
Wormhole
Study of mathematical knots
the K 1 {\displaystyle K_{1}} embedding, ending at t = 1 {\displaystyle t=1} giving the K 2 {\displaystyle K_{2}} embedding, with all intermediate values
Knot_theory
German mathematician
at the University of Regensburg. He is known for his work on the embedding problem in algebraic number theory, the Báyer–Neukirch theorem on special
Jürgen_Neukirch
has stretch factor one, and all other embeddings have greater stretch factor. The graphs that have an embedding with at most a given distortion are closed
GNRS_conjecture
ISO-standardized version of PDF for archives
opposed to font embedding) and encryption. The ISO requirements for PDF/A file viewers include color management guidelines, support for embedded fonts, and
PDF/A
Galois group of the separable closure
(1995), "Fundamental groups and embedding problems in characteristic p", Recent developments in the inverse Galois problem (Seattle, WA, 1993), Contemporary
Absolute_Galois_group
Mathematical parameter of embeddings
constant) of an embedding measures the factor by which the embedding distorts distances. Suppose that one metric space S is embedded into another metric
Stretch_factor
Soviet mathematician (1903–1979)
to embed any algorithm within their structure. Hence, classifying all four-manifolds would imply a solution to Turing's halting problem. Embedding implies
Andrey_Markov_Jr.
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
Cornish and Welsh
Cornish and Welsh : nickname for a red-haired man, from cough, coch ‘red(-haired)’. Compare Gough.English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of beds or bedding, or perhaps a nickname for a lazy man, from Middle English, Old French couche ‘bed’, a derivative of Old French coucher ‘to lay down’, Latin collocare ‘to place’.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Away from all Problems
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Eternity; Problem Solver
Boy/Male
Muslim
Problem solver
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Problem Solver
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of beds or bedding, from Middle English couche ‘bed’ (see Couch) + man.
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
People with this Name are Preferably Intelligent and Very Generous; Highly Knowledgeable in Problem Solving Skills
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Problem
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Destroyer of Problems
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
Girl/Female
Indian
Light bringer
Male
Basque
, with us God.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sanger 2.
Male
Celtic
, votary of Minos.
Boy/Male
German American Spanish
Glory.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives Near the Ridge
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit, Traditional
Sweet Scent; Fragrance
Girl/Female
Muslim
Accepted, Admitted, Granted
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Yorkshire) : patronymic from Hopkin.
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
EMBEDDING PROBLEM
v. i.
Ready-made clothes; also, among seamen, clothing, bedding, and other furnishings.
n.
A maxim or saying embodying a moral truth.
a.
Of or pertaining to a sophist; embodying sophistry; fallaciously subtile; not sound.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Bed
n.
The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.
n.
The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Imbed
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Embed
n.
The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.
a.
Pertaining to, or embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation."
n.
The state or position of beds and layers.
n.
A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Emend
n.
An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature.
a.
Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to deceive; misleading; delusive; as, fallacious arguments or reasoning.
n.
The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.
a.
Embodying or containing slander; calumnious; as, slanderous words, speeches, or reports.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Embody
v. t.
To furnish with a bed or bedding.
n.
An extravagant fiction embodying an account of some marvelous exploit or adventure.