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DIGRAPH REALIZATION-PROBLEM

Digraph realization problem

Decision problem in graph theory

The digraph realization problem is a decision problem in graph theory. Given pairs of nonnegative integers ( ( a 1 , b 1 ) , … , ( a n , b n ) ) {\displaystyle

Digraph realization problem

Digraph_realization_problem

Bipartite realization problem

realization problem, and the second is known as the digraph realization problem. The bipartite realization problem is equivalent to the question, if there exists

Bipartite realization problem

Bipartite_realization_problem

Graph realization problem

Existence of a graph with a degree sequence

graphs. The first problem is the so-called bipartite realization problem. The second is known as the digraph realization problem. The problem of constructing

Graph realization problem

Graph_realization_problem

Kleitman–Wang algorithms

Graph theory algorithms

algorithms are two different algorithms in graph theory solving the digraph realization problem, i.e. the question if there exists for a finite list of nonnegative

Kleitman–Wang algorithms

Kleitman–Wang_algorithms

Directed graph

Graph with oriented edges

some cases, non-isomorphic digraphs have the same degree sequence. The directed graph realization problem is the problem of finding a directed graph

Directed graph

Directed_graph

Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem

combinatorics. It provides one of two known approaches solving the digraph realization problem, i.e. it gives a necessary and sufficient condition for pairs

Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem

Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee_theorem

Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩

Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩

consonant sequence rather than a digraph (as in the /t.h/ of lighthouse). In standard English, the phonetic realization of the two dental fricative phonemes

Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩

Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩

Gale–Ryser theorem

Theorem in graph theory

It provides one of two known approaches to solving the bipartite realization problem, i.e. it gives a necessary and sufficient condition for two finite

Gale–Ryser theorem

Gale–Ryser_theorem

Bipartite graph

Graph divided into two independent sets

bipartite graphs may have the same degree sequence. The bipartite realization problem is the problem of finding a simple bipartite graph with the degree sequence

Bipartite graph

Bipartite_graph

Degree (graph theory)

Number of edges touching a vertex in a graph

This problem is also called graph realization problem and can be solved by either the Erdős–Gallai theorem or the Havel–Hakimi algorithm. The problem of

Degree (graph theory)

Degree_(graph_theory)

Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩

Digraph representing a sound that has changed

§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. The pronunciation of the English digraph ⟨wh⟩ in words like which or whale has changed over time, and still varies

Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩

Pronunciation_of_English_⟨wh⟩

Latin letter R with caron

by Piotr Kalinowski and Józef Kulisz, being used instead of the Polish digraph ⟨rz⟩ /ʐ/; this was done with the intention of emphasizing the separateness

Armenian orthography reform

1922–24 Soviet reform of the Armenian orthography

neutralization of classical, etymological writing and the adjustment of phonetic realization and writing." The original orthography is now known as the classical

Armenian orthography reform

Armenian_orthography_reform

Mochica language

Extinct language formerly spoken on Peru's northwest coast

representing a sound like /s̺/ or /s/. Digraphs and trigraphs used in Mochica are ⟨cɥ⟩, ⟨tzh⟩, and ⟨xll⟩. The digraph ⟨cɥ⟩ is derived from a normal ⟨ch⟩ but

Mochica language

Mochica_language

Palatalization (phonetics)

Phonetic feature

Võro ⟨ś⟩. Other orthographies use an apostrophe, as in Karelian ⟨sʼ⟩, or digraphs with j, as in the Savonian dialects of Finnish, ⟨sj⟩. Palatalization has

Palatalization (phonetics)

Palatalization_(phonetics)

Pronunciation of English ⟨a⟩

the spellings meny and mony formerly occurring). List of Latin-script digraphs Phonological history of English Phonological history of English vowels

Pronunciation of English ⟨a⟩

Pronunciation_of_English_⟨a⟩

Hyperforeignism

Type of linguistic hypercorrection

in the source word. The digraph ⟨ch⟩ of Spanish generally represents [tʃ], similar to English ⟨ch⟩. Hyperforeign realizations of many Spanish loanwords

Hyperforeignism

Catalan orthography

Orthography of the Catalan language

replaced with I, except in the digraph ny and loanwords. Some Catalan surnames conserve the letter y and the word-final digraph ch (pronounced /k/), e. g.

Catalan orthography

Catalan_orthography

Paraguayan Spanish

Variety of Spanish language

a voiceless postalveolar affricate [tɹ̝̊], similar to the sound of the digraph ⟨ch⟩. Assibilation of the "r" to [ɹ̝]. Wide diffusion of labiodental [ʋ~v]

Paraguayan Spanish

Paraguayan_Spanish

Spanish orthography

System for writing in Spanish

distinguished in most dialects; see seseo. The digraph ⟨ch⟩ represents the affricate /tʃ/. The digraph was formerly treated as a single letter, called

Spanish orthography

Spanish_orthography

Configuration model

Family of random graph models

2004). "The Size of the Largest Strongly Connected Component of a Random Digraph with a Given Degree Sequence". Combinatorics, Probability and Computing

Configuration model

Configuration_model

Italo Jose Dejter

Argentine-born American mathematician

considering Γ as a C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} -ultrahomogeneous digraph, where C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} is the collection formed both by

Italo Jose Dejter

Italo_Jose_Dejter

IPA Braille

Braille encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet

letters such as ⠹ occur, but only as parts of digraphs. Other IPA letters are indicated with digraphs or even trigraphs usinɡ 5th-decade letters (letters

IPA Braille

IPA_Braille

Voiced labial–velar approximant

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨w⟩ in IPA

France, Angela (2004). "Problemas na variante tensa da fala carioca" [Problems with tense variant of carioca speech]. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em

Voiced labial–velar approximant

Voiced_labial–velar_approximant

Spanish dialects and varieties

in Puerto Rican Spanish and all dialects.[citation needed] The Spanish digraph ch (the phoneme /tʃ/) is pronounced [tʃ] in most dialects. However, it

Spanish dialects and varieties

Spanish_dialects_and_varieties

Phonological history of French

Phonetic changes in the French language

cf. Spanish piedra ("stone"). During the early Old French period, the digraph ⟨oi⟩ was pronounced as a falling diphthong /oi̯/. It later shifted to become

Phonological history of French

Phonological_history_of_French

Oriented matroid

Abstraction of ordered linear algebra

of linear inequalities. Below are the explicit constructions. Given a digraph, we define a signed circuit from the standard circuit of the graph by the

Oriented matroid

Oriented_matroid

Danish language

North Germanic language

use in Norwegian and Swedish, into the Danish alphabet to replace the digraph ⟨aa⟩. ⟨Aa⟩ is still used in some person and place names; for example, the

Danish language

Danish_language

Indonesian language

Language spoken in Indonesia

encountered, being chiefly used for writing loanwords. In addition, there are digraphs that are not considered separate letters of the alphabet: Pie chart showing

Indonesian language

Indonesian_language

Musical cryptogram

Message coding technique through music

sound, for example E♭, 'Es' in German, could represent 'S' and A♭ the digraph 'As'. Composers less fortunate than Bach usually seem to have chosen to

Musical cryptogram

Musical_cryptogram

Haida language

Endangered language spoken in Canada and Alaska

position, and a hyphen is used to distinguish consonant clusters from digraphs (e.g. kwáan-gang contains the sequence /n/ followed by /ɡ/ rather than

Haida language

Haida_language

Old English phonology

Pronunciation and sounds of Old English

sciran 'shave, shear') The phonetic realization of Old English diphthongs is controversial. Assuming vowel digraphs were in fact pronounced as phonetic

Old English phonology

Old_English_phonology

Diphthong

Combination of two adjacent vowel sounds

expression when amazed) /ei̯/: eigendom ('property'), survei ('survey') Digraph (orthography) Hiatus Index of phonetics articles Table of vowels Monophthong

Diphthong

Yoruba language

Atlantic-Congo language

orthography, it employs the Latin alphabet modified by the use of the digraph ⟨gb⟩ and certain diacritics, including the underdots under the letters

Yoruba language

Yoruba_language

Tlingit language

Na-Dene language of southern Alaska

becomes ⟨kh⟩, and so on. The Inland Tlingit orthography does not use vowel digraphs. Instead, short high vowels are marked with an acute accent, long high

Tlingit language

Tlingit_language

Acehnese language

Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia

Snouck's Spelling System colloquially. Acehnese additionally uses three digraphs: ⟨eu⟩, ⟨ng⟩, and ⟨ny⟩, as well as the apostrophe mark ⟨’⟩ preceeding a

Acehnese language

Acehnese_language

Phoneme

Basic unit of phonology

phoneme might be represented by a combination of two or more letters (digraph, trigraph, etc.), like ⟨sh⟩ in English or ⟨sch⟩ in German (both representing

Phoneme

Anatolian languages

Extinct branch of Indo-European languages

are essentially distinct. Annick Payne asserts: "With the exception of digraphic seals, the two scripts were never used together." HLuwian texts are found

Anatolian languages

Anatolian_languages

Makassarese language

Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

and [rr] across syllables. However, [rr] can also be considered as the realization of a geminate segment rather than a sequence across syllables. The sounds

Makassarese language

Makassarese_language

Spanish language in the United States

both ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨y⟩ as [ʒ] or [ʃ]. The traditional pronunciation of the digraph ⟨ll⟩, [ʎ], is preserved in some dialects along the Andes range, especially

Spanish language in the United States