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Cryptographic splitting, also known as cryptographic bit splitting or cryptographic data splitting, is a technique for securing data over a computer network
Cryptographic_splitting
Variable containing a public key in Windows NT 4.0
authority for U.S. cryptography export controls. Microsoft requires all Cryptographic Service Providers used by the Microsoft Cryptographic API (CryptoAPI)
NSAKEY
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also referred to as a cryptographic random number generator (CRNG). Most cryptographic applications require random
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
American multinational technology company
IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using cryptographic splitting to secure customer data. In May 2022, IBM announced the company
IBM
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
various cryptographic tasks. Historically defined as the practice of encoding messages, a concept since referred to as encryption, quantum cryptography plays
Quantum_cryptography
Secure communication method
distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum
Quantum_key_distribution
Repeated basic operation in a cryptosystem
In cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated (iterated) multiple times inside the algorithm. Splitting a large
Round_(cryptography)
photon-number splitting attacks even with weak coherent light. Decoy state protocol (2003) is a method used in practical quantum cryptography systems that
List of quantum key distribution protocols
List_of_quantum_key_distribution_protocols
Encryption technique
language libraries are not suitable for cryptographic use. Even those generators that are suitable for normal cryptographic use, including /dev/random and many
One-time_pad
Data encryption and authentication program
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is used for signing
Pretty_Good_Privacy
Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
Secret sharing (also called secret splitting) refers to methods for distributing a secret among a group, in such a way that no individual holds any intelligible
Secret_sharing
German cipher machine during World War II
letter is encrypted with a different cryptographic key, making it highly resistant to conventional cryptographic attacks based on patterns the keys leave
Enigma_machine
Algorithmic technique using hashing
use cryptographic hash functions like SHA-256 to detect duplicates or check for known files within large collection of files. However, cryptographic hash
Fuzzy_hashing
Method of negotiating credentials between web server and browser
conjunction with TLS. Technically, digest authentication is an application of cryptographic hashing with usage of nonce values to prevent replay attacks. It uses
Digest_access_authentication
American computer scientist and cryptographer (born 1955)
University of California, Berkeley, Chaum proposed a mechanism for splitting a cryptographic key into partial keys that could be distributed among mutually
David_Chaum
Deliberate creation of difficult-to-understand code
reverse-engineering the code is cryptographically hard. This is formalized in the many proposals for indistinguishability obfuscation, a cryptographic primitive that,
Obfuscation_(software)
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
a type of cryptographic electronic money called ecash. Later, in 1995, he implemented it through Digicash, an early form of cryptographic electronic
Cryptocurrency
International standard
padded to a multiple of the cipher block size, so that each subsequent cryptographic operation will have a complete block of data. Three padding methods
ISO/IEC_9797-1
Failure mode of digital cash schemes
and diminish user trust in the currency. There are many fundamental cryptographic techniques to prevent double-spending while preserving anonymity in
Double-spending
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet.
Transport_Layer_Security
Voting system
integrity properties and strong tamper resistance. E2E systems use cryptographic techniques to provide voters with receipts that allow them to verify
End-to-end_auditable_voting
Quantum key distribution protocol - B92
more susceptible to certain types of attacks, such as the photon number splitting (PNS) attack in practical implementations using weak coherent pulses.
B92_protocol
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
and the request/response data. With the exception of the possible CCA cryptographic attack described in the limitations section below, an attacker should
HTTPS
Protocol in quantum cryptography
Xiang-Bin (16 June 2005). "Beating the Photon-Number-Splitting Attack in Practical Quantum Cryptography". Physical Review Letters. 94 (23) 230503. arXiv:quant-ph/0410075
Decoy_state
Block cipher
In cryptography, NewDES is a symmetric key block cipher. It was created in 1984–1985 by Robert Scott as a potential DES replacement. Despite its name,
NewDES
and its variants: ECDSA and Deterministic ECDSA EdDSA (Ed25519) RSA Cryptographic hash functions (see also the section on message authentication codes):
List_of_algorithms
Disk encryption software
LUKS1 such as Argon2. LUKS2 uses JSON as a metadata format. Available cryptographic algorithms depend on individual kernel support of the host. Libgcrypt
Linux_Unified_Key_Setup
Algebraic structure
inverse operation, the discrete logarithm. This has been used in various cryptographic protocols, see Discrete logarithm for details. When the nonzero elements
Finite_field
Tracking system using transceivers on ships
Channel AIS 2 162.025 MHz These two channels were made available for AIS by splitting the old voice duplex channels 87 and 88. These were split into channels
Automatic identification system
Automatic_identification_system
Topics referred to by the same term
squares problem Normal extensions (or quasi-Galois), field extensions, splitting fields for a set of polynomials over the base field Normal family, a pre-compact
Normal
EEPROM chip
to store multiple encryption keys. Most frequently it was used in key-splitting applications: either the encryption device or the KSD-64 alone is worthless
KSD-64
Aspect of US National Security Agency
encryption algorithms. 21st century systems often contain all the sensitive cryptographic functions on a single, tamper-resistant integrated circuit that supports
NSA_encryption_systems
Type of transposition cipher
= L 2 ( N − 1 ) {\displaystyle K={L \over {2(N-1)}}} . One begins by splitting the ciphertext into strings such that the length of the first and last
Rail_fence_cipher
Quantum cryptography protocol
Grégoire Ribordy; Nicolas Gisin (2004). "Quantum Cryptography Protocols Robust against Photon Number Splitting Attacks for Weak Laser Pulse Implementations"
SARG04
Soft fork change in the transaction format of Bitcoin
called a "block". All blocks are tied together sequentially by using a cryptographic hash on the previous block and storing its output in the next. This
SegWit
Point defect in diamonds
becomes inefficient. Zeeman splitting can also be modulated with an external electric field, although the physics of the splitting is somewhat more complex
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Computer architecture bit width
uses a 128-bit random number as synchronization marker for efficient splitting of data files. Reinsel, David; Gantz, John; Rydning, John (November 2018)
128-bit_computing
Type of hash function
boundaries. Once the boundaries are known, the chunks need to be compared by cryptographic hash value to detect changes. Such content-defined chunking (CDC) or
Rolling_hash
Numbers significantly larger than those used regularly
transactions. These quantities appear prominently in mathematics, cosmology, cryptography, and statistical mechanics. Googology studies the naming conventions
Large_numbers
Special low-energy state in quantum mechanics
electron and shows splitting of spectral lines into a doublet, and a triplet state has two unpaired electrons and shows threefold splitting of spectral lines
Singlet_state
Type of meet-in-the-middle attack
block-cipher, meant for constrained platforms such as RFID tags, where a cryptographic primitive such as AES, would be either impossible (given the hardware)
3-subset meet-in-the-middle attack
3-subset_meet-in-the-middle_attack
Form of message tampering
"anti-POODLE record splitting". It splits the records into several parts and ensures none of them can be attacked. However the problem of the splitting is that,
POODLE
Type of cryptographic statistical attack
The rebound attack is a tool in the cryptanalysis of cryptographic hash functions. The attack was first published in 2009 by Florian Mendel, Christian
Rebound_attack
over a finite field must vanish up to torsion. Section conjecture on splittings of group homomorphisms from fundamental groups of complete smooth curves
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
English mathematician (1616–1703)
he was not confident enough in this assertion to encourage revealing cryptographic algorithms. He was also concerned about the use of ciphers by foreign
John_Wallis
Encryption method in quantum mechanics
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a quantum cryptographic scheme for secure communication that extends beyond simple quantum key distribution. It modifies
Quantum_secret_sharing
British-Polish, one of the independent inventors (in 1991) of quantum cryptography Krzysztof Gawedzki, mathematical physicist Marek Gazdzicki, high-energy
List_of_Polish_people
Uniform address for services on a website
Digest access authentication Security vulnerabilities HTTP header injection HTTP request smuggling HTTP response splitting HTTP parameter pollution v t e
Well-known_URI
Cryptographic algorithm created by Adi Shamir
values for the secret, though the latter condition may be circumvented by splitting the secret into smaller secret values, and applying the scheme to each
Shamir's_secret_sharing
Cryptogram of 18th-century pirate Olivier Levasseur
Marquis of Louriçal and Viceroy of Goa, en route to Portugal. Before splitting the treasure and going into hiding, the pirates released the viceroy in
Cryptogram of Olivier Levasseur
Cryptogram_of_Olivier_Levasseur
Model of communication of seven abstraction layers
Higher layers may have the equivalent of double envelopes, such as cryptographic presentation services that can be read by the addressee only. Roughly
OSI_model
polymaths include: Johannes Trithemius, one of the founders of modern cryptography, steganography, as well as bibliography and literary studies as branches
History_of_Germany
Amount of resources to perform an algorithm
quantum computers. It is used in post-quantum cryptography, which consists of designing cryptographic protocols that are resistant to attacks by quantum
Computational_complexity
Best results achieved to date
difficulty of this problem is the basis for the security of several cryptographic systems, including Diffie–Hellman key agreement, ElGamal encryption
Discrete_logarithm_records
HTTP header field introduced in HTTP/1.1
Digest access authentication Security vulnerabilities HTTP header injection HTTP request smuggling HTTP response splitting HTTP parameter pollution v t e
HTTP/1.1_Upgrade_header
program) Five lemma Horseshoe lemma Nine lemma Short five lemma Snake lemma Splitting lemma Yoneda lemma Matrix determinant lemma Matrix inversion lemma Burnside's
List_of_lemmas
Elementary particle with negative charge
mysterious splitting of spectral lines observed with a high-resolution spectrograph; this phenomenon is known as fine structure splitting. In his 1924
Electron
Technological development using the laws of quantum mechanics
quantum computing systems utilizing Shor's algorithm to break current cryptography systems. This is done through a number of techniques such as quantum
Quantum_engineering
Digital copy protection
2012). "Reposted: A cryptanalysis of HDCP v2.1". A Few Thoughts on Cryptographic Engineering. "High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System: Mapping
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection
German camera manufacturer
The Soviet spy John A. Walker Jr., whose actions against the US Navy cryptography programs represent some of the most compromising intelligence actions
Minox
Security enhancement for voting system
to improve usability and dispute resolution. As the system relies on cryptographic techniques, the ability to validate an election outcome is both software
Scantegrity
Digital workload distribution techniques
(or its predecessor SSL) acceleration is a technique of offloading cryptographic protocol calculations onto specialized hardware. Depending on the workload
Load_balancing_(computing)
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
universe is splitting our local world on earth into myriads of copies of itself." DeWitt later softened this extreme view, viewing splitting as decoherence
Many-worlds_interpretation
Event in a blockchain
backward-compatible, it does not result in the creation of a new blockchain or the splitting of the network. Instead, it allows the network to gradually transition
Fork_(blockchain)
Mathematical identity of polynomials
shaded region is a 2 − b 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}-b^{2}} . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as shown in the second diagram
Difference_of_two_squares
Family of mainframe computers
reduce channel overhead, and improve I/O response times. CP Assist for Cryptographic Functions (CPACF) is shipped on every CP and IFL processor in support
IBM_Z
Document used to identify a person
cryptography using DigiDoc. Under Estonian law, since December 15, 2000 the cryptographic signature is legally equivalent to a manual signature. The Estonian
Identity_document
WWI battle pitting France and Britain against Germany
German General Staff, Erich von Falkenhayn, intended to end the war by splitting the Anglo-French Entente in 1916, before its material superiority became
Battle_of_the_Somme
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
Implementation and Analysis on Commodity Graphics Processing Units". Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - CHES 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
Explosive-packed mine in the Battle of the Somme
tremendous and magnificent column rose up into the sky. There was an ear-splitting roar, drowning all the guns, flinging the machine sideways in the repercussing
Lochnagar_mine
Mobile telecommunications standards body
also billing information and speech coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (such as authentication, confidentiality) are also specified
3GPP
Major World War II battle in the Pacific Theater
of the 3rd Marine Division reached the northern coast of the island, splitting Kuribayashi's defenses in two. There was also a kamikaze air attack (the
Battle_of_Iwo_Jima
1941 Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII
Finnish units reached Lake Ladoga at Koirinoja, achieving the goal of splitting the Soviet forces. During the rest of July, the Army of Karelia advanced
Operation_Barbarossa
General purpose C++ library
relicensed under the Boost license. August 2006 – POCO 1.2 was released, splitting the library namespaces. May 2007 – POCO 1.3 was released, including the
POCO_C++_Libraries
File archive computer program
operation's definition. The program also supports archive conversion, file splitting and joining, secure file deletion, bytewise file comparison, archive encryption
PeaZip
Open-source blockchain computing platform
known as a "block", is processed by the network. Each block contains a cryptographic hash identifying the series of blocks that must precede it if the block
Ethereum
Algebraic structure with addition, multiplication, and division
specially simple case of the ring Z of the integers. A widely applied cryptographic routine uses the fact that discrete exponentiation, i.e., computing
Field_(mathematics)
Device to determine relative phase shift
relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single source. The interferometer has been used, among other
Mach–Zehnder_interferometer
Web encryption method similar to HTTPS
Digest access authentication Security vulnerabilities HTTP header injection HTTP request smuggling HTTP response splitting HTTP parameter pollution v t e
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure_Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
Topics referred to by the same term
All-or-nothing thinking or splitting, a psychological disorder or defense mechanism All-or-nothing transform, in cryptography, an encryption mode All-or-nothing
All_or_Nothing
World War II battle, 1944–1945
German offensive there during the Battle of France in 1940, and aimed at splitting the armies along the U.S.-British lines and capturing Antwerp. The plan
Battle_of_the_Bulge
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
depend only on the free charges Qf and free currents If. This reflects a splitting of the total electric charge Q and current I (and their densities ρ and
Maxwell's_equations
Powered mechanical device
of a human transforms force and movement of the tool into a transverse splitting forces and movement of the workpiece. The hand axe is the first example
Machine
Recording of an activity by a participant
CACR Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (Centre For Applied Cryptographic Research), 8th CACR Information Security Workshop & 2nd Annual Privacy
Sousveillance
Mathematical function, inverse of an exponential function
public key cryptography, such as for example in the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, a routine that allows secure exchanges of cryptographic keys over unsecured
Logarithm
1942 German military operation
mountain divisions and two infantry divisions unsuited to the task. The splitting of Army Group South enabled the launching of Operation Edelweiss and Operation
Case_Blue
French rebel groups that fought Nazi Germany in World War II
warfare of World War II In Europe Blitzkrieg Comparative military ranks Cryptography Declarations of war Diplomacy Governments in exile Home front Australian
French_Resistance
Web content management framework
Introduced the new caching framework Security improvements with Salt (cryptography) & RSA Integration of Extbase & Fluid features Current version: 4.3.14
TYPO3
Battle of the First World War
equivalent death to drowning only on dry land. The effects are these—a splitting headache and terrific thirst (to drink water is instant death), a knife
Second_Battle_of_Ypres
made major contributions to the development of quantum mechanics. 1932: Splitting the atom, a fully artificial nuclear reaction and nuclear transmutation
List of English inventions and discoveries
List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries
Major World War II battle from 1942 to 1943
group reached the tractor factory before arriving at the Volga River, splitting the 62nd Army into two. In response to the German breakthrough to the
Battle_of_Stalingrad
Multi-party war in the former Russian Empire (1917–1922)
1921, during a related war against Poland, the Peace of Riga was signed, splitting disputed territories in Belarus and Ukraine between the Republic of Poland
Russian_Civil_War
Collaborationist regime in France (1940–1944)
this tag was added, its readable prose size was 16,000 words. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding subheadings. Please
Vichy_France
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
a laser. Other wave-front splitting interferometers use mirror or prisms to split and recombine waves; amplitude splitting devices use thin dielectric
Wave_interference
Methods of mathematical approximation
explosion of applications, ranging from the Zeeman effect to the hyperfine splitting in the hydrogen atom. Despite the simpler notation, perturbation theory
Perturbation_theory
American heavy metal band
was first posted to lead singer Phil Labonte's Instagram page as a cryptographic binary code leading to an unlisted YouTube video. On September 26, the
All_That_Remains_(band)
Integer side lengths of a right triangle
doi:10.2307/2008781, JSTOR 2008781, MR 0930224 Kak, S. and Prabhu, M. Cryptographic applications of primitive Pythagorean triples. Cryptologia, 38:215–222
Pythagorean_triple
Formulation of quantum mechanics
_{0}^{T}{\frac {{\dot {x}}^{2}}{2}}\,\mathrm {d} t\right)\,{\mathcal {D}}x.} Splitting the integral into time slices: K ( x − y ; T ) = ∫ x ( 0 ) = x x ( T )
Path-integral_formulation
Elementary particle or quantum of light
Newton in his treatment of birefringence and, more generally, of the splitting of light beams at interfaces into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam
Photon
1848 non-fiction work by Edgar Allan Poe
University Press, 2002: 187. ISBN 0-521-79727-6. Rosenheim, Shawn James. The Cryptographic Imagination. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997: 199.
Eureka:_A_Prose_Poem
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
Boy/Male
Australian, Scandinavian
Farmer; A Tiller of the Soil; Earth Worker; Similar to George
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Eternally Divine; Lord Vishnu; Shiva
Boy/Male
Biblical
He that troubleth.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Pure
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Muruga
Girl/Female
Hindu
Woman, Young girl
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Irish, Teutonic
Red Haired Defender; Counsellor; Protector; Wise Protector
Boy/Male
Tamil
Saraswati
Boy/Male
Hindu
Stars
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Resembling God Indra in Power
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
CRYPTOGRAPHIC SPLITTING
n.
One skilled in steganography; a cryptographer.
n.
A split of a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by splitting a sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.
a.
Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting strains.
n.
Cipher; something written in cipher.
n.
A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
a.
Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical.
n.
One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.
n.
Same as Cryptographer.
n.
The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.
a.
Alt. of Cryptographical
n.
A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow.
a.
Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
n.
A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.
n.
One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the bandage one or more times.
n.
An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure.
n.
The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Split
a.
Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones.
n.
A piece of metal, or other hard material, thick at one end, and tapering to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, etc., in raising heavy bodies, and the like. It is one of the six elementary machines called the mechanical powers. See Illust. of Mechanical powers, under Mechanical.
n.
A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph.