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Nonprofit open digital infrastructure organization
Crossref (formerly styled CrossRef) is a nonprofit open digital infrastructure organization for the global scholarly research community. It is the largest
Crossref
ISO standard unique string identifier for a digital object
creates aliases for existing DOI® names of the form 10/abcde Crossref Metadata Search from CrossRef.org Crossref Simple Text Query from CrossRef.org
Digital_object_identifier
Repository of freely accessible biomedical journal articles
19, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023. CrossRef (2009). The Formation of CrossRef: A Short History (PDF). CrossRef. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original
PubMed_Central
Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean
original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2009. crossref. "Chooser". chooser.crossref.org. doi:10.1785/0120000060. Archived from the original
Hawaiian_Islands
Island country in the Indian Ocean
Historical Studies. 47 (3): 381–397. doi:10.1080/1031461X.2016.1203962 – via CrossRef. Carter, Marina (19 January 2015). Murder and Mayhem in Mauritius: Historical
Mauritius
Alphanumeric technical code
chaired by Veronique Kiermer of PLOS (the former chair was Ed Pentz of Crossref). ORCID is freely usable and interoperable with other ID systems. On 16 October
ORCID
Non-profit digital library
authors of single-authored papers. JSTOR metadata is available through CrossRef and the Unpaywall dump, which as of 2020 identifies nearly 3 million works
JSTOR
Online patent and academic database
aggregation platform, drawing bibliometric data from various sources such as Crossref, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and OpenAlex, and integrating them using advanced
The_Lens
Austroasiatic language
Vietnamese". WORD. 19 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1080/00437956.1963.11659787 – via CrossRef. Scholvin, Vera; Meinschaefer, Judith (2018). "The integration of French
Vietnamese_language
Online archive of e-prints
over 500,000 arXiv URLs as the open access version of a work found in CrossRef data from the publishers, making arXiv a top 10 global host of green open
ArXiv
Independent academic publisher in the Netherlands
trade organizations: STM Association, ALPSP, UKSG, Mediafederatie-MEVW, CrossRef. "[1]". John Benjamins Publishing Company. Retrieved on June 13th, 2025
John Benjamins Publishing Company
John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company
Community-led database of research institutions
Research Organization Registry Owners California Digital Library, Crossref and DataCite URL ror.org Launched 2019; 7 years ago (2019) Content license CC0
Research Organization Registry
Research_Organization_Registry
Order of arachnids
sensory system in the solpugid, Chanbria sp. Tissue & Cell 6: 471–485. CrossRef, PubMed Harvey, M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of
Solifugae
Open-access repository
Preprints.org appear in: Web of Science (Preprint Citation Index) Europe PMC Crossref Google Scholar PrePubMed Portico List of academic databases and search
Preprints.org
West African spiritual belief system
2025-10-23. https://ia600708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/28/items/crossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works/10.1080%252F0015587x.1914.9718830.zip&file=10
Juju
Northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
& Terrorism. 44 (11): 938–957. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2019.1594660 – via CrossRef. Paes, Lucas de Oliveira (2022). Back Matter (Report). Norwegian Institute
Gulf_of_Guinea
Geographic region in West Asia
51 (1): 212–236. doi:10.1177/03058298221131359. ISSN 0305-8298 – via CrossRef. Bosworth, Edmund (1 January 1986). "The land of Palestine in the late
Palestine_(region)
File-sharing website
in sharing research data" The site hosts public metadata releases from Crossref which contain over 120+ million metadata records for scholarly work, each
Academic_Torrents
Scientific search system
Spain concluded that zero-cost The Lens, which combined the data from Crossref, PubMed, Core and OpenAlex, had the largest coverage, with more than 247
Scopus
Poem by John Keats
and Themes." Selected Poems Study Guide from Crossref-It.Info.” Accessed February 9, 2018. http://crossref-it.info/textguide/john-keats-selected-poems/40/3041
When_I_Have_Fears
Stone or wooden slab erected as a marker
(1911): 293. CrossRef. Web. Robinson, Edward. "An Archaic Greek Grave Monument." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 8.5 (1913): 94. CrossRef. Web. Campbell
Stele
Land area comprising the rim of the Pacific Ocean
Organization. 16 (3–4): 152–173. doi:10.1080/00208825.1986.11656438 – via CrossRef. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philip-Hughes-4/publication/2887
Pacific_Rim
Online database of integer sequences
p=2, n, (1 - X*p^2) / (1 - X))[n])} /* Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014 */ CROSSREFS Cf. A007434, A027641, A027642, A063453, A023900. Cf. A027748. Sequence
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences
Open catalog of scholarly papers, authors, institutions, venues, and concepts
when a team of researchers found fabricated metadata entered into the Crossref database, which is also sourced by OpenAlex. Metadata in the reported examples
OpenAlex
Inorganic compound
Oleum". Inorganic Chemistry. 3 (7): 972–977. doi:10.1021/ic50017a010 – via CrossRef. Kasumov, Takhar M.; Koz'Min, Anatolii S.; Zefirov, Nikolai S. (1997).
Diiodosyl_sulfate
Cellular body type
Microbiol 62: 19–33. 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093305 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] Guimaraes AJ, Gomes KX, Cortines JR, Peralta JM, Peralta
Amoeba
Jennifer. "Preprints growth rate ten times higher than journal articles". Crossref. doi:10.64000/j5z8g-wdw85. Eysenbach, Gunther (2015). "Peer-Review 2.0:
List_of_preprint_repositories
Published written work
or advanced online publication (AOP) (for example, in the context of CrossRef). The version of record (VoR) represents the definitive form of the article
Article_(publishing)
Subclass of insects
Entomology. 28 (10–12): 145–148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1953.tb00643.x – via CrossRef. Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (3 November 2014). The Insects: An Outline
Pterygota
German aerospace engineer
Bibcode:1971AnRFM...3....1B. doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.03.010171.000245 – via CrossRef. "The Whitcomb Area Rule: NACA Aerodynamics Research And Innovation". history
Adolf_Busemann
American sociologist
American Journal of Sociology. 92 (5): 1240–1242. doi:10.1086/228645 – via CrossRef. Ranger, Terence (November 7, 1987). "Revival and Rebellion in Colonial
Karen_Fields
British academic and writer (born 1986)
Michigan State University. Previously, Eve was Principal R&D Developer at Crossref from 2023-2024 and Visiting Professor of Digital Humanities at Sheffield
Martin_Paul_Eve
Chemical element with atomic number 31 (Ga)
045113. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79d5113V. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.045113 – via CrossRef. Bosio, Louis (1 February 1978). "Crystal structures of Ga(II) and Ga(III)"
Gallium
Academic journal
Central, and Medline. It is member of OASPA, DOAJ, CLOCKSS, COPE, ORCID, Crossref. As of June 2025, Life Science Alliance has received an impact factor of
Life_Science_Alliance
Scientific research paper file sharing website
open access works, identified as such beyond the metadata available in CrossRef and Unpaywall. Some requests require the user to enter a CAPTCHA. Papers
Sci-Hub
Preprint service
sources for the dissemination of research on COVID-19. medRxiv is indexed by Crossref, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Europe PubMed Central and Web of Science's
MedRxiv
Government system where political power lies with the people
Political Studies. 46 (7): 823–850. doi:10.1177/0010414012463883 – via CrossRef. Kasuya, Yuko; Reilly, Benjamin (4 July 2023). "The shift to consensus
Democracy
Species of venomous snake
Are Used for Prey Capture." Toxins, vol. 13, no. 2, Feb. 2021, p. 112. Crossref, doi:10.3390/toxins13020112. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pseudocerastes
Spider-tailed_horned_viper
Family of amphibians
Journal of Developmental Biology, vol. 58, no. 10-11–12, 2014, pp. 819–27. Crossref, doi:10.1387/ijdb.140147rp. Brown, Federico D.; Del Pino, Eugenia M.; Krohne
True_toad
Form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person
Journal of Consumer Psychology. 31 (3): 478–500. doi:10.1002/jcpy.1227 – via CrossRef. Frevert, Ute (2020). The politics of humiliation: a modern history (First ed
Public_humiliation
Overview of democracy measures
23 (1): 97–109. doi:10.1080/1350178X.2015.1069372. S2CID 51782149 – via CrossRef. Dahl, Robert A.; Ian Shapiro; José Antônio Cheibub; and Adam Przeworski
Democracy_indices
Project for improving citation analysis
improved citation analysis. The citations are stored in Crossref and are made available through the Crossref REST API. They are also available from the OpenCitations
Initiative_for_Open_Citations
Blog covering scientific paper retractions
Framework. In 2023, Crossref and Retraction Watch began a collaboration in which Retraction Watch would provide its database and Crossref would process, open
Retraction_Watch
American academic
forces through CrossRef CrossRef and the research experience CrossRef Search, Serials 17 (3) CrossRef: beyond journal reference linking. CROSSREF: From linking
Amy_Brand
1970s book series
Transactional Analysis Bulletin. 8 (1): 44. doi:10.1177/036215377800800113 – via CrossRef. Tobin, Bruce Arthur (1983). The Roles of Modeling Theory and Transformational
The_Structure_of_Magic
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
pp. 1–33. doi:10.1002/9781119963677.ch1. ISBN 978-0-470-66254-0 – via CrossRef. Li, Z.; Tian, Y.; Teng, C.; Cao, H. (2020). "Recent Advances in Barrier
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Perspectives. 32 (3): 87–112. doi:10.1257/jep.32.3.87. hdl:10230/35942 – via CrossRef. Fuentes, Agustin (6 January 2010). "The new biological anthropology: Bringing
History_of_science
Psychology. 28 (6): 647–666. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00598.x – via CrossRef. Jones, Matthew (January 2, 2022). "'The Blue-Eyed Boys': The Heath Government
United Kingdom and the Vietnam War
United_Kingdom_and_the_Vietnam_War
Connected group of individuals
(PDF) from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2023 – via CrossRef. Lenski & Lenski 1987, pp. 164–166. Lenski & Lenski 1987, pp. 166–172.
Society
Pakistani clothing brand
Management Cases. 7 (1): 89–102. doi:10.1177/097282011000700107 – via CrossRef. "MBroidered: The latest from Maria B - The Express Tribune". 28 February
Maria_B
2307/3031546. JSTOR 3031546. S2CID 150062964. Retrieved 9 December 2023 – via CrossRef. Eisenstadt, Peter (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse
African Americans in New York (state)
African_Americans_in_New_York_(state)
Island in Kilwa District of Lindi Region
(3): 458–477. doi:10.1080/00438243.2011.608287. S2CID 161668324 – via CrossRef. "Watiro Island". geoview.info. Pollard, Edward (March 1, 2016). "Interpreting
Watiro_Island
Indian academic
Dysgraphia". SN Computer Science. 6 (5). doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03927-0 – via Crossref. Govindaraju, Venu. "Discovery of Self". Venu Govindaraju, Discovery of
Venu_Govindaraju
1986 limnic eruption in Cameroon
Eruption." Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 10, May 2022, p. 766791. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.766791. Cotel, Aline J. (March 1999)
Lake_Nyos_disaster
German fairy tale
York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1895. pp. 56-61. "coaccess". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.4159/9780674245822-013. S2CID 242168546. Retrieved 2023-06-17
Snow_White
Retrieved 19 May 2022. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Crossref. Retrieved 29 April 2025. Broad WJ (June 1980). "Would-be academician pirates
List of scientific misconduct incidents
List_of_scientific_misconduct_incidents
Species of harvestman
descriptions of twelve new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (2): 260–318. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00446.x – via CrossRef. v t e
Cyphophthalmus_gordani
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
Journal of Chemical Physics. 11 (7): 330–333. doi:10.1063/1.1723851 – via CrossRef. Waseda, Y; Miller, W.A. (1979). "The structure of liquid mercury over
Mercury_(element)
Database of educational and research organizations
Name Relation Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) France Crossref United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (UK) European Tertiary Education
Global Research Identifier Database
Global_Research_Identifier_Database
British academic working in road traffic injury prevention
Health. 21 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/13557858.2014.985637. PMID 25494665 – via CrossRef. Yadav, Sajjan S.; Edwards, Phil; Porter, John (3 May 2021). "The incidence
Phil_Edwards_(statistician)
British geologist
Society. 21: 485–495. November 2, 1975. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0015 – via CrossRef. "Fertilizer Manufacture in East Africa". Nature. 162 (4118): 522. October
Kenneth_Arthur_Davies
Official version of an article, published by a publisher
Wilkinson, Laura J. "Version control, corrections, and retractions". Crossref. Retrieved 2021-01-25. Haustein, Stefanie; Bowman, Timothy D.; Costas,
Version_of_record
Marine animals, subphylum of chordates
Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef. Syvanen, M.; Ducore, J. (2010). "Whole genome comparisons reveals a possible
Tunicate
Governance system implemented in Pakistan in 1959
Development. 1 (4): 239–246. doi:10.1002/j.1099-162X.1962.tb00584.x – via CrossRef. R. L. Mellema (1961). "The Basic Democracies System in Pakistan". Asian
Basic_democracy
Underground bunker
15 (1): 4–31. doi:10.1080/15740773.2020.1822102. S2CID 224847300 – via CrossRef. "Bulletin of the North Staffordshire Group of the Geologists' Association"
Scallywag_bunker
data from publicly available sources such as Google Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Baggerly, Cody (November
Research.com
aggregation platform, drawing bibliometric data from various sources such as Crossref, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and OpenAlex, and integrating them using advanced
List of academic databases and search engines
List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines
Pakistani textile company
Management Cases. 17 (2): 188–210. doi:10.1177/0972820120927192 – via CrossRef. Naqvi, Hassan (10 February 2020). "Neck-deep in debt, is ChenOne and its
Chenab_Limited
District in Moscow, Russia
interactive map of archaeological research". Археология и геоинформатика. Crossref. doi:10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-289-6.111-112. "Префектура СВАО города
Otradnoye_District
Species of beetle
Mutabilis.” Thin Solid Films, vol. 571, Nov. 2014, pp. 660–65. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.144. Finet, Cédric (2023-06-22)
Figeater_beetle
British geologist
23, 1934. Bibcode:1934PYGS...22..316.. doi:10.1144/pygs.22.4.316 – via CrossRef. "Proceedings, Session 1936-37". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
Wilfrid_Norman_Edwards
Academic journal
underrepresented backgrounds. In 2025, GigaScience Press won one of the first Crossref Excellence in Metadata awards based on the quality of the metadata published
Gigabyte_(journal)
Neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
025002. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.95.025002. "pendingpublications". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.1103/25tk-nctn. Retrieved 2025-11-08. Abritta Costa, I.; Budano
Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless BB Decay
Large_Enriched_Germanium_Experiment_for_Neutrinoless_BB_Decay
Part of the Canterbury Tales
searching, and study Archived 7 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine – texts.crossref-it.info "The Pardoner's Tale" – a plain-English retelling for non-scholars
The_Pardoner's_Tale
". The German Quarterly. 96 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1111/gequ.12333 – via CrossRef. "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch)
List of wars involving Germany
List_of_wars_involving_Germany
Yes Yes No Various, any Z39.50 JabRef Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ACM Portal, CrossRef, DBLP, DOAJ, DOI, GVK, Google Scholar, INSPIRE-HEP, Medline, MathSciNet
Comparison of reference management software
Comparison_of_reference_management_software
German volcanologist (1937–2024)
6657–6667. Bibcode:1982JGR....87.6657R. doi:10.1029/JB087iB08p06657 – via CrossRef. Hall, James M. (5 July 1983). "Cyprus Crustal Study Project". Eos, Transactions
Hans-Ulrich_Schmincke
Japanese bacteriologist (1876–1928)
general paralysis. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1924; 12: 419–425– Crossref. Brown EM. Why Wagner-Jauregg won the Nobel Prize for discovering malaria
Hideyo_Noguchi
Alleged alien abduction in 1961
71°39′50″W / 43.90861°N 71.66389°W / 43.90861; -71.66389 "coaccess". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.1215/9780822387015-002. S2CID 192125982. Archived from the
Barney and Betty Hill incident
Barney_and_Betty_Hill_incident
Academic journal
Open Access Journals, Cabell’s Scholarly Analytics, Google Scholar, and Crossref. The journal had a JCR impact factor (IF) of 1.5 for 2022 and a 2022 Scopus
Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
Rambam_Maimonides_Medical_Journal
American economist
– via CrossRef. "American Economic Review". American Economic Review. 106 (5): 700–712. May 1, 2016. doi:10.1257/aer.106.5.700 – via CrossRef. "American
Owen_Zidar
Biogeographic marine region of Earth
Indo-Pacific". The Pacific Review: 1–29. doi:10.1080/09512748.2025.2546013 – via CrossRef. "Opinion | US treatment of Indo-Pacific allies could de-escalate ties
Indo-Pacific
Belgian linguist, academic, and author (born 1952)
Linguistic Anthropology. 5 (2): 127–156. doi:10.1525/jlin.1995.5.2.127 – via CrossRef. Verschueren, Jef (March 6, 2001). "Predicaments of Criticism". Critique
Jef_Verschueren
Italian physicist (born 1968)
Bibcode:2010ARNPS..60..355I. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.012809.104534 – via CrossRef. Bordone, Marzia; Cornella, Claudia; Fuentes-Martín, Javier; Isidori, Gino
Gino_Isidori
Fictional extraterrestrial creature
Archived from the original on August 5, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2024 – via CrossRef. Brian Herbert (2003). Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert
Sandworm_(Dune)
Type of natural disaster
Eruption." Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 10, May 2022, p. 766791. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.766791. Sigurdsson, H.; Devine, J
Limnic_eruption
Groove in the superior border of the scapula, for the suprascapular nerve to pass through
maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) Wilkinson, Laura J. "Defunct DOI". Crossref. doi:10.1016/b978-032304184-3.50050-9. Retrieved 2020-10-19. Molloy, Robert
Suprascapular_notch
British-American atmospheric scientist (born 1965)
atmospheric bromine chemistry, 101(D1), 1489-1504 http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1996/95JD02839.shtml/ Archived 2012-09-29 at the Wayback Machine Fisher
David_Lary
Economic policies under the governments of Keizō Obuchi and Yoshirō Mori
of Industrial Relations. 54 (3): 473–495. doi:10.1111/bjir.12132 – via CrossRef. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/tni-asia-finance-and-
Obuchinomics
Growing crops in stacked layers
658–667. Bibcode:1973WRR.....9..658T. doi:10.1029/WR009i003p00658 – via CrossRef. S.L. Davis (2001). "The least harm principle suggests that humans should
Vertical_farming
Public school in Pakistan
Management Cases. 10 (2): 145–162. doi:10.1177/0972820113498925 – via CrossRef. "Danish schools in Balochistan". Pakistan Observer. 6 January 2023. "Project
Daanish_Schools
Hypothetical quantum cosmological effect
5251. Bibcode:2012IJMPD..2142023C. doi:10.1142/S0218271812420230 – via CrossRef. Nature, Research Communities by Springer (March 14, 2018). "Hawking-Bekenstein
Hawking_radiation
British geographer
in Human Geography. 38 (2): 319–329. doi:10.1177/0309132513500759 – via CrossRef. Howard, Mark R. S. (December 7, 2023). "Book Reviews: Rentier Capitalism:
Brett_Christophers
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
edited by Hans G. Dam, vol. 17, no. 4, Apr. 2022, p. e0267228. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267228. Chan, Francis; Barth, John;
Ocean_acidification
Fossilised Precambrian life forms
Development. 26 (6) e12491. doi:10.1111/ede.12491. PMID 39228078 – via CrossRef. Hofmann, Hans J. (1981). "First record of a Late Proterozoic faunal assemblage
List_of_Ediacaran_genera
Academic journal
abstracted and indexed in: AGRICOLA Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Crossref EBSCO Electronic Journals Service JCR: Science Edition MEDLINE Complete
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
Journal_of_Veterinary_Medical_Education
Variety of English spoken in Cambodia
Englishes. 29 (1): 114–126. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.01628.x – via CrossRef. Moore, Stephen H.; Bounchan, Suksiri (September 23, 2020). "English in
Cambodian_English
British geologist
"Grahampearsonite, Ca2P2O7, a new mineral found in a super-deep diamond from Juína, Brazil". American Mineralogist. doi:10.2138/am-2025-10072 – via CrossRef.
Graham_Pearson
Pregnant woman's death sentence reprieve request
Edinburgh Law Review. 23 (1): 138–140. doi:10.3366/elr.2019.0536 – via CrossRef. Stewart, Graham (11 October 2008). "It was common for women to 'plead
Pleading_the_belly
Surgical instrument or medical implement used to expand an opening or passage
29 e940127. doi:10.12659/MSM.940127. PMC 10314719. PMID 37368878 – via CrossRef. Chang, Sung Wook (2022). "Central venous catheterization into the femoral
Dilator_(medical_instrument)
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
Girl/Female
British, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
A Gem
Girl/Female
Danish, French, German, Latin
Triumphant; Conquering
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Tamil
Happiness, Smile
Boy/Male
Muslim
Darling of the heart
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives at the Meadow's Ridge
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Armenian, Australian, British, Christian, English
From the Hedged Enclosure; From the Enclosed with Hedges
Girl/Female
Hindu
Making prosperous, Shy
Male
German
 Variant spelling of German Kilian, KILLIAN means "little warrior." Compare with another form of Killian.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sun of Stone
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF