Search references for COMET V. Phrases containing COMET V
See searches and references containing COMET V!COMET V
Class of American commuter railcars
The Comet V railcar is the fifth generation of the Comet railcar series. Produced by the manufacturer Alstom, the Comet V is a rather different car compared
Comet_V
Class of locomotive-hauled railcars
The Comet railcar is a class of locomotive-hauled railcars that was first designed in the late 1960s by Pullman-Standard as a modern commuter car for
Comet_(railcar)
Natural object in space that releases gas
A comet is an icy, small Solar System body or interstellar object that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called
Comet
Periodic comet
Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing roughly every 75–76 years, though
Halley's_Comet
Great Comet of 1997
Comet Hale–Bopp (formally designated C/1995 O1) is a long-period comet that was one of the most widely observed of the 20th century and one of the brightest
Comet_Hale–Bopp
First commercial jet airliner, four-engined
The de Havilland DH.106 Comet is a four-engine narrow body aircraft developed and manufactured by de Havilland in the United Kingdom. The world's first
De_Havilland_Comet
Great Comet of 2024
Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS, also known as the Great Comet of 2024 and formally designated as C/2023 A3, is a non-periodic comet from the Oort cloud discovered
Comet_Tsuchinshan–ATLAS
Periodic comet
Comet Encke /ˈɛŋki/, or Encke's Comet (official designation: 2P/Encke), is a periodic comet that completes an orbit of the Sun once every 3.3 years. (This
Comet_Encke
Motor vehicle
intermediate car. For 1960 and 1961, Comet was its own brand sold by Lincoln-Mercury "Comet". The compact Comet shared a naming convention associated
Mercury_Comet
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
engine, that uses a version of the Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ricardo Comet V prechamber cylinder head design. The engine comes in 1.8 L (1,769 cc),
PSA_XUD_engine
Great Comet of 2020
C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) or Comet NEOWISE is a long period comet with a near-parabolic orbit discovered on March 27, 2020, by astronomers during the NEOWISE
Comet_NEOWISE
Periodic comets numbered by the Minor Planet Center
numbered comets (1P–513P). There are 441 Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), 50 Encke-type comets (ETCs), 15 Halley-type comets (HTCs), five Chiron-type comets (CTCs)
List_of_numbered_comets
List of Metro-North rolling stock
Authority. February 21, 2025. Retrieved February 23, 2025. "Pullman-Standard Comet Car Masterclass - Rapido Trains Inc". rapidotrains.com. Archived from the
Metro-North Railroad rolling stock
Metro-North_Railroad_rolling_stock
Web browser developed by Perplexity AI
Comet is an AI-powered web browser based on Chromium. It was released by Perplexity AI for Microsoft Windows and macOS on July 9, 2025, for Android on
Comet_(browser)
Non-periodic comet
Caesar's Comet (also Sidus Iulium ("Julian Star"); Caesaris astrum ("Star of Caesar"); Comet Caesar; the Great Comet of 44 BC; numerical designation C/−43
Caesar's_Comet
Halley-type comet and parent body of the Perseid meteors
Comet Swift–Tuttle (formally designated 109P/Swift–Tuttle) is a large periodic comet with a 1995 (osculating) orbital period of 133 years that is in a
Comet_Swift–Tuttle
Comet
The Great Comet of 1556 (designated C/1556 D1 in modern nomenclature) was a comet that first appeared in February 1556, and which was observed throughout
Great_Comet_of_1556
Non-periodic comet
Comet Kohoutek (pronounced "ko-HU-tek" /koʊˈhuːtɛk/, or "ko-ho-tek" /koʊhoʊtɛk/), formally designated as C/1973 E1, 1973 XII and 1973f, is a comet that
C/1973_E1_(Kohoutek)
Comet that collided with Jupiter
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (formally designated D/1993 F2) was a comet that broke apart in July 1992 and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the
Comet_Shoemaker–Levy_9
European–Japanese spacecraft to launch in 2029
Comet Interceptor is a robotic spacecraft mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA) planned for launch sometime between August 2028 and July 2029
Comet_Interceptor
Commuter rail line in New Jersey
locomotives too, and consists range from Comet V cars to Multilevel Coaches while some trains may also use Comet IIM or IV cars on rare occasions. The Erie
Main_Line_(NJ_Transit)
1970 Czech film
kometě (literally On the Comet) is a 1970 Czech film directed by Karel Zeman, based on Jules Verne's 1877 novel Off on a Comet. The film is a combination
On_the_Comet
Non-periodic comet
Comet Donati, or Donati's Comet, formally designated C/1858 L1 and 1858 VI, is a long-period comet named after the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista
Comet_Donati
Musical adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace
considered for merging. › Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 (or simply The Great Comet) is a sung-through musical adaptation of a 70-page segment
Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812
Natasha,_Pierre_&_The_Great_Comet_of_1812
Parabolic comet
The Great Comet of 1264 (designated as C/1264 N1 in modern nomenclature) was one of the brightest comets on record. It appeared in July 1264 and remained
Great_Comet_of_1264
Projection of material from a comet
A comet tail is a projection of material from a comet that often becomes visible when illuminated by the Sun, while the comet passes through the inner
Comet_tail
Commuter rail line in New Jersey
locomotives operating as a push-pull, consisting of Comet V or MultiLevel coaches while some trains may also use Comet IIM or IV cars on rare occasions too. From
Bergen_County_Line
Intel processor family released in 2019
Comet Lake is Intel's 10th-generation Core-branded processor family. They are manufactured using Intel's third 14 nm Skylake process revision, succeeding
Comet_Lake
1,000 passenger cars. Previous car fleets include the Comet I, Comet III, Comet IA, and Comet IB. The fleet and examples are described below. "NJ Transit
List of NJ Transit rolling stock
List_of_NJ_Transit_rolling_stock
Breed of goldfish
The comet or comet-tailed goldfish is a single-tailed goldfish bred in the United States. It is similar to the common goldfish, except slightly smaller
Comet_(goldfish)
Great Comet of 2007
Comet McNaught, also known as the Great Comet of 2007 and given the designation C/2006 P1, is a non-periodic comet discovered on 7 August 2006 by British-Australian
Comet_McNaught
Kreutz sungrazer comet
Comet Pereyra (formal designations: C/1963 R1, 1963 V, and 1963e) was a bright comet that appeared in 1963. It was a member of the Kreutz Sungrazers, a
C/1963_R1_(Pereyra)
Commuter rail line in New Jersey
Pennsylvania Railroad. It used half of a Comet IIM car - car 5459 (built as Comet IIB 5759 in 1988). In 2004, the Comet II Club Car went through a custom overhaul
North_Jersey_Coast_Line
Great Comet of 1106
X/1106 C1, also known as the Great Comet of 1106, was a comet that appeared on 2 February 1106, and was observed around the world from the beginning of
X/1106_C1
Comets with less than 200 year orbital periods
Periodic comets (also known as short-period comets) are comets with orbital periods of less than 200 years or that have been observed during more than
List_of_periodic_comets
Interstellar comet in 2025
is an interstellar comet discovered on 1 July 2025 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) station. The comet follows an unbound
3I/ATLAS
2016 railroad disaster in New Jersey, US
would have prevented the crash. Train #1614 consisted of four NJ Transit Comet V passenger cars (cab car #6036 and 3 coaches) and one NJT GP40PH-2B locomotive
2016_Hoboken_train_crash
Oort cloud comet
Comet ISON, formally known as C/2012 S1, was a sungrazing comet from the Oort cloud which was discovered on 21 September 2012 by Vitaly Nevsky (Віталь
Comet_ISON
British television game show
"Athena and Comet have power in their soul as they become Gladiators". BBC. "BBC One - Gladiators - Athena". BBC. "BBC One - Gladiators - Comet". BBC. "Cyclone
Gladiators (2024 British TV series)
Gladiators_(2024_British_TV_series)
Central part of a comet
The nucleus is the solid, central part of a comet, formerly termed a dirty snowball or an icy dirtball. A cometary nucleus is composed of rock, dust,
Comet_nucleus
Jupiter-family comet
4P/Faye (also known as Faye's Comet or Comet Faye) is a Jupiter-family comet discovered in November 1843 by Hervé Faye at the Royal Observatory in Paris
4P/Faye
Type of firework
using the comet pyrotechnics in his ring entrance "Firework Effect - Comet" (video). youtube.com. October 19, 2000. A pyroguide article on Comets v t e
Comet_(pyrotechnics)
Comet that is extremely close to the sun during part of its orbit
A sungrazing comet is a comet that passes extremely close to the Sun at perihelion – sometimes within a few thousand kilometres from the Sun's surface
Sungrazing_comet
Great Comet of 1976
Comet West, formally designated as C/1975 V1, 1976 VI, and 1975n, was a comet described as one of the brightest objects to pass through the inner Solar
C/1975_V1_(West)
Halley-type comet
as Comet Tempel–Tuttle) is a retrograde periodic comet with an orbital period of 33 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with
55P/Tempel–Tuttle
comets (e.g. Halley's Comet), non-periodic comets (e.g. Comet Hale–Bopp), comets with no meaningful orbit (the Great Comet of 1106), and lost comets (5D/Brorsen)
List_of_comets_by_type
Non-periodic comet
The Great Comet of 1577 (designated as C/1577 V1 in modern nomenclature) is a non-periodic comet that passed close to Earth with first observation being
Great_Comet_of_1577
Periodic contact binary comet
(abbreviated 67P or 67P/C–G and nicknamed "Chury") is a Jupiter-family comet. It is originally from the Kuiper belt and has an orbital period of 6.45
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Kreutz sungrazer comet
6AC4721, was a Kreutz sungrazer comet discovered on 13 January 2026 from the AMACS1 Observatory in the Atacama Desert. This comet was discovered through the
C/2026_A1_(MAPS)
Commuter rail division of NJ Transit
Comet V or Multilevel Cars while electric trains use Arrow III EMUs. Midtown Direct trains use ALP-46, ALP-45DP, Multilevel, and Comet IIM, IV, & V cars
NJ_Transit_Rail_Operations
Debunked conspiracy theory about alleged child sex ring
and child sex ring. One of the establishments allegedly involved was the Comet Ping Pong pizzeria in Washington, D.C. Members of the alt-right, conservative
Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory
Great Comet of 2011
Comet Lovejoy, formally designated C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy), is a long-period comet and Kreutz sungrazer. It was discovered in November 2011 by Australian amateur
C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)
Nuclear physics project in J-PARC, Japan
and neutrino, COMET seeks to look for neutrinoless muon to electron conversion, where the electron flies away with an energy of 104.8 MeV. Muon to electron
Comet_(experiment)
1993 video game
Shadow of the Comet (later repackaged as Call of Cthulhu: Shadow of the Comet) is an adventure game developed and released by Infogrames in 1993. The
Shadow_of_the_Comet
Mountain peak in Montana, United States
Comet Mountain, 3113 m (10213 feet), is a mountain peak in the Pioneer Mountains of the state of Montana, United States, located in Beaverhead County
Comet_Mountain
Bi-level passenger rail car
and 15 cab cars for a total of 54 cars. The coaches were based on the Comet V and have a two-by-two seating arrangement and more knee and leg room than
Bombardier_MultiLevel_Coach
Comets with a period between 20 and 200 years
The following is a list of Halley-type comets (HTCs), which are periodic comets with an orbital period between 20 and 200 years, often appearing only once
List_of_Halley-type_comets
Hyperbolic comet
(old-style designations 1990 V and 1989c1) was a comet discovered by New Zealand amateur Rodney R. D. Austin on December 6, 1989. The comet at discovery was predicted
C/1989_X1_(Austin)
Railcar
Avenue/Trenton), although, in the summer and fall of 2014, many Comet series cars (including Comet V cars) replaced the Arrow III cars for the express service
Arrow_(railcar)
Jupiter-family comet
Jupiter-family comet with an 8.35-year orbit around the Sun. It is the only comet discovered by Joseph Ashbrook and the third and final one by Cyril V. Jackson
47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
Comets have appeared in works of fiction since at least the 1830s. They primarily appear in science fiction as literal objects, but also make occasional
Comets_in_fiction
14th episode of the 6th season of The Simpsons
"Bart's Comet" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the
Bart's_Comet
Cosmic dust that originates from a comet
Comet dust is cosmic dust that originates from a comet. Comet dust can provide clues to comets' origin. When the Earth passes through a comet dust trail
Comet_dust
Comets with a period between 200 and 1000 years
The following list is of comets with very long orbital periods, defined as between 200 and 1000 years. These comets come from the Kuiper belt and scattered
List_of_long-period_comets
Commuter rail line in New Jersey and New York
GP40PH-2, GP40FH-2, F40PH-3C, PL42AC, and ALP-45DP. Most trains consist of Comet V cars; Multilevel coaches are also used. On September 29, 2016, Pascack
Pascack_Valley_Line
Periodic comet
Comet Borrelly /bɒˈrɛli/ or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a comet with a period of 6.85 years that was visited by the Deep Space
19P/Borrelly
Long-period comet
as SWAN25B, is a long-period comet discovered on 11 September 2025 by Vladimir Bezugly through SWAN imagery. The comet peaked around apparent magnitude
C/2025_R2_(SWAN)
British electrical retailer
Comet Electricals Limited (trading as Comet.co.uk) is a British online electricals retailer and a former electricals retail chain. The company sells consumer
Comet_(retailer)
1986 novel by Gregory Benford and David Brin
Heart of the Comet is a novel by David Brin and Gregory Benford about human space travel to Halley's Comet published in 1986. Its publication coincided
Heart_of_the_Comet
Periodic comet
Comet Grigg–Skjellerup (formally designated 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup) is a periodic comet. It was visited by the Giotto probe in July 1992. The spacecraft
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
Class of rocky minor celestial body
A Manx comet is a class of rocky minor celestial bodies that have a long-period comet orbit. Unlike most bodies on a long-period comet orbit which typically
Manx_comet
1985 book by Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan
months ahead of the 1986 appearance of Halley's Comet. A 1997 edition includes additional material. Comet. Random House. 1985. ISBN 9780394549088. v t e
Comet_(book)
Family of comets
The Kreutz sungrazers (/krɔɪts/ KROYTS) are a family of sungrazing comets, characterized by orbits taking them extremely close to the Sun at perihelion
Kreutz_sungrazer
Distant planetesimals in the Solar System
Jupiter-family comets. By the early 20th century, astronomers had identified two main types of comets: short-period comets (also called ecliptic comets) and long-period
Oort_cloud
Closest observed comet approach to Earth
D/1770 L1, popularly known as Lexell's Comet after its orbit computer Anders Johan Lexell, was a comet discovered by astronomer Charles Messier in June
Lexell's_Comet
Halley-type comet
Comet Pons–Brooks is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 71 years. Comets with an orbital period of 20–200 years are referred to as Halley-type
12P/Pons–Brooks
Proposed super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed for NASA's First Lunar Outpost program
The Comet HLLV was a proposed super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed for NASA's First Lunar Outpost program, which was in the design phase from 1992
Comet_HLLV
European mission to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2004–2016)
Rosetta performed a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P). During its journey to the comet, the spacecraft performed flybys of Earth
Rosetta_(spacecraft)
The Hyosung Comet Series comprises a range of 125, 250, and 650 cc V-Twin engined recreational motorcycles. They are made in South Korea by Hyosung Motors
Hyosung_Comet_Series
Non-periodic comet
C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is a non-periodic comet discovered by the Mount Lemmon Survey in images obtained on 3 January 2025. It made its closest approach to
C/2025_A6_(Lemmon)
Largest known Oort cloud comet
simply known as C/2014 UN271 or Comet Bernardinelli–Bernstein (nicknamed BB), is a large Oort cloud comet discovered by astronomers Pedro Bernardinelli
C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
Great Comet of 1618
C/1618 W1 is a comet that was visible to the naked eye in 1618 and 1619. It is classified as a "Great Comet" due to its extraordinary brightness and its
C/1618_W1
Comets with a period of over 1,000 years
long-term orbit. List of comets by type List of numbered comets List of periodic comets List of Halley-type comets List of long-period comets List of parabolic
List_of_near-parabolic_comets
Jupiter-family comet
Comet Holmes /ˈhoʊmz/ (official designation: 17P/Holmes) is a periodic comet in the Solar System, discovered by the British amateur astronomer Edwin Holmes
Comet_Holmes
Parabolic comet
Bond's Comet, formally known as C/1850 Q1, is a parabolic comet that was observed through telescopes throughout late 1850. It was the only comet discovered
C/1850_Q1_(Bond)
Non-periodic comet
is a non-periodic comet from the Oort cloud that was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) on 2 March 2022. The comet has a bright green
C/2022_E3_(ZTF)
"Products formerly Comet Lake". ark.intel.com. Intel. Retrieved 2020-05-14. Cutress, Ian (2020-05-13). "Intel Announces 10th Gen Comet Lake vPro: All 400-Series
List of Intel Xeon processors (Comet Lake-based)
List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Comet_Lake-based)
Hyperbolic comet
Miss Mitchell's Comet, formally designated as C/1847 T1, is a non-periodic comet that American astronomer Maria Mitchell discovered in 1847. The discovery
C/1847_T1_(Mitchell)
Interstellar comet in 2019
originally designated C/2019 Q4 (Borisov), is the first observed rogue comet and the second observed interstellar interloper, after ʻOumuamua. It was
2I/Borisov
Non-periodic comet
astronomers, Mauro V. Zanotta and Howard J. Brewington. Photometric studies conducted at the La Silla Observatory revealed that the comet has a relatively
C/1991 Y1 (Zanotta–Brewington)
C/1991_Y1_(Zanotta–Brewington)
Interstellar object that passed near Earth in 2017
to the Sun, it showed no signs of having a coma, the usual nebula around comets formed when they pass near the Sun. Further, it exhibited non‑gravitational
1I/ʻOumuamua
Commuter rail line in New Jersey and New York
set of Comet II & IV cars with a Comet V cab car. Since late 2008, Bombardier Multilevel Series Coaches were added and displaced most of the Comet coaches
Raritan_Valley_Line
Periodic comet
Comet 141P/Machholz or 141P/Machholz 2 is a Jupiter-family comet with an orbital period of 5.3 years. It was discovered by Donald Machholz on 13 August
141P/Machholz
Topics referred to by the same term
Comet Brooks may refer to any one of 17 comets: C/1885 R1 (a.k.a. 1885 III, 1885c) C/1885 Y1 (a.k.a. 1885 V, 1885f) C/1886 H1 (a.k.a. 1886 V, 1886a) C/1886
Comet_Brooks
Type of motorcycle
Korean manufacturer. It was part of the Comet series, which also included 250 cc and 650 cc variants sharing a common V-twin engine architecture. The GT125
Hyosung_GT125
American rock band
Frehley's Comet was an American hard rock band formed and led by ex-Kiss lead guitarist Ace Frehley. The group released two studio albums and one live
Frehley's_Comet
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
what would have been the distributor drive. It uses Ricardo-patented "Comet V" combustion chambers, with a compression ratio of 23.6:1. Produced 15 hp
BMC_A-series_engine
Test for damage to DNA
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE, also known as comet assay) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the detection of DNA damage
Comet_assay
Commuter rail line in New Jersey
locomotives with trains consisting or either Multilevel or Comet II & IV cars with a single Comet V car, trains running to Hackettstown and points beyond MSU
Montclair–Boonton_Line
Principle in European Union law
does not affect the norm(s) directly governing the dispute at hand. In Comet v. Produktschap, the European Court of Justice established that the procedural
Direct effect of European Union law
Direct_effect_of_European_Union_law
COMET V
COMET V
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Will Come
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Comer.
Boy/Male
African
Let it come.
Male
African
father has come back.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
My light.
Male
Czechoslovakian
, here comes glory.
Boy/Male
African
child that comes and goes'.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Cloud; Comet; Water
Female
Egyptian
, the Great One who comes.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from Middle English combere, an agent derivative of Old English camb ‘comb’, referring perhaps to a maker or seller of combs, or to someone who used them to prepare wool or flax for spinning. This was an alternative process to carding, and caused the wool fibers to lie more or less parallel to one another, so that the cloth produced had a hard, smooth finish without a nap.English : variant of Coomber.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kommer or Kammer.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
To Come into Bloom; Blossom
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
To Come Forth; Appear
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Made Visible; To Come Forth; Appearing
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
One who Comes Repeatedly
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Come
Girl/Female
Arabic
Dream Come True
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Arrive; To Come
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Come
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Night-comer; Morning Star
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Australian, German, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
A Dream Come True; Premonition; Vision; Dream
COMET V
COMET V
Boy/Male
Hindu
Female
English
French form of Latin Hortensia, HORTENSE means "garden."
Girl/Female
Indian
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Jamaican, Swedish, Teutonic
Powerful Ruler; Counsel Power; Ruler's Adviser; Ruler with Counsel; Well-advised Ruler
Girl/Female
Hindu
Pleasure of the earth, Flower
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Italian American Spanish English Latin
Priceless.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Traditional
God
Boy/Male
Biblical
Winter, reproach.
Surname or Lastname
English (Norfolk and Suffolk)
English (Norfolk and Suffolk) : topographic name for someone who lived at the foot of a hill.
COMET V
COMET V
COMET V
COMET V
COMET V
n.
One who comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a radical reformer.
a.
Neat; spruce.
n.
The answer to the theme (dux) in a fugue.
v. t.
To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of; -- used in a good sense.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Covet
n.
Account; reckoning; computation.
p. pr & vb. n.
of Come
v. t.
To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after (something forbidden).
n.
A telescope of low power, having a large field of view, used for finding comets.
n.
Alt. of Comet- seeker
p. p.
of Come
n.
To get to be, as the result of change or progress; -- with a predicate; as, to come untied.
v. t.
To compute; to count.
v. i.
To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from.
v. t.
To covet wrongfully.
n.
One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.
v. t.
To carry through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any tricks here.
n.
A member of the solar system which usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of these parts is frequently wanting. See Illustration in Appendix.
a.
Relating to a comet.
v. i.
To have or indulge inordinate desire.