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Problematic interdependence of software modules
In software engineering, a circular dependency (or cyclic dependency) is a relation between two or more modules which either directly or indirectly depend
Circular_dependency
Software programming technique
together, but must not be the client, as this would create a circular dependency. Because dependency injection separates how objects are constructed from how
Dependency_injection
Directed graph representing dependencies
because they are number literals. In a dependency graph, cycles of dependencies (also called circular dependencies) lead to a situation in which no valid
Dependency_graph
System to identify resources on a network
requires resolving example.org first, which presents a circular dependency. To break the dependency, the name server for the top level domain org includes
Domain_Name_System
Colloquial term for software requiring many conflicting dependencies
Dependency hell is a colloquial term for the frustration of some software users who have installed software packages which have dependencies on specific
Dependency_hell
common dependencies there. Package principles Circular dependency "Granularity: The Acyclic Dependencies Principle (ADP)" (PDF). Object Mentor. Archived
Acyclic dependencies principle
Acyclic_dependencies_principle
Directed graph with no directed cycles
circular dependency, and is generally not allowed, because there would be no way to consistently schedule the tasks involved in the cycle. Dependency
Directed_acyclic_graph
Computer program for working with tabular data
Recalculation generally requires that there are no circular dependencies in a spreadsheet. A dependency graph is a graph that has a vertex for each object
Spreadsheet
Circle–ellipse problem – Problem in object-oriented programming Circular dependency – Problematic interdependence of software modules Constant interface
List of software anti-patterns
List_of_software_anti-patterns
Construct in C and C++
directive (see above) PHP's include_once #pragma once C preprocessor Circular dependency One Definition Rule PL/I preprocessor C++ standard (ISO/IEC 14882)
Include_guard
Two functions defined from each other
task. Cycle detection (graph theory) Recursion (computer science) Circular dependency Manuel Rubio-Sánchez, Jaime Urquiza-Fuentes, Cristóbal Pareja-Flores
Mutual_recursion
Top-level DNS zone
first find an authoritative server for the net zone. To avoid this circular dependency, the address of at least one root server must be known for bootstrapping
DNS_root_zone
Term in computer programming
decomposition could reduce its size, implementation complexity, or both. Circular dependency. Cyclically dependent modularization when two or more abstractions
Design_smell
Component of Microsoft Windows operating systems
auto-start, paying attention to the calculated load-order dependencies. In case of a circular dependency an error is noted and the service depending on a service
Service_Control_Manager
Production model to minimise wastage and emissions
Ireland Executive held a Circular Economy consultation. The bio-economy, especially the circular bio-economy, decreases dependency on natural resources by
Circular_economy
Name server for the DNS root zone
addresses; in other words, root.hints is necessary in order to break the circular dependency of needing to know the addresses of a root name server to lookup
Root_name_server
General-purpose programming language
any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable circular dependency, C# compilers processing console applications (like that above) report
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
Sequence in computer science
points two, three and four can lead to believe they would form a circular dependency, but this is not the case. Lower level PEs might require the total
Prefix_sum
Age-population ratio of those in the labor force to those not in the labor force
Dependency ratios are ratios of the numbers of dependents (youths aged 0–14 and/or elderly aged 65+) to the number of working-age adults (15–64). They
Dependency_ratio
Linux distribution
earlier stages (which requires resolving and then breaking numerous circular dependencies). Tarballs for stage1 and stage2 were distributed for some time
Gentoo_Linux
Modular translation unit in C++
also all its dependencies, and the dependencies of those dependencies, et cetera. Like headers, modules do not permit circular dependencies, and will not
Modules_(C++)
Package management system
example RPM Fusion for Fedora Linux). Circular dependencies among mutually dependent RPMs (so-called "dependency hell") can be problematic; in such cases
RPM_Package_Manager
Data flow control switching method
while wormhole flow control does this on the flit level. In case of circular dependency, this back-pressure can lead to deadlock. In most respects, wormhole
Wormhole_switching
the administrative process has been characterized as a form of 'circular dependency.' For example, the finance ministry will issue a license only if
Economy_of_Djibouti
Mathematical methods used in Bayesian inference and machine learning
included in Z j {\displaystyle \mathbf {Z} _{j}} ). This creates circular dependencies between the parameters of the distributions over variables in one
Variational_Bayesian_methods
initiator of the action is affected by it. Cis-actions occur wherever circular dependencies are present. Most notably in: biology, where it refers to life itself
Cis-action
Mathematical concept
non-simultaneous tasks which is to be first, without introducing any circular dependencies – and then ordering the resulting directed acyclic graph. In particular
Disjunctive_graph
Type of computer benchmarking tool
advantage of chip-multiprocessors. PARSEC was created to break this circular dependency. It was designed to fulfill the following five objectives: Focuses
Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers
Princeton_Application_Repository_for_Shared-Memory_Computers
Concept of fault-tolerance
they can be composed of layers if the layers do not exhibit any circular dependencies. The stabilization time of the composition is then bounded by the
Self-stabilization
Ross Dependency stamps have been issued by New Zealand postal authorities for use on mail from Scott Base since 1957. Overprinted New Zealand stamps had
Postage stamps and postal history of the Ross Dependency
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Ross_Dependency
Australes et Antartiques Français (in French). 33: 16–17 – via taaf.fr. "Ross Dependency". Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2021
List_of_Antarctic_flags
Island and dependency in Antigua and Barbuda
Barbuda (/bɑːrˈb(j)uːdə/; Barbudan Creole: Baabyuuda) is an island and dependency located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the twin-island state
Barbuda
time. Unlike the class extension mechanism, a partial class allows circular dependencies among its parts as they are guaranteed to be resolved at compile
Comparison of C Sharp and Java
Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java
Computer hardware
data dependencies of other instructions scheduled in the buffer. The head of the buffer will be committed once its result is valid. Its dependencies will
Re-order_buffer
Circular disc used as a symbol
circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also for a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular and
Roundel
Measure of linear correlation
increases while X decreases. A value of 0 implies that there is no linear dependency between the variables. More generally, (Xi − X)(Yi − Y) is positive if
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Flag of Herm (Crown dependency of the UK under the self-governing Bailiwick of Guernsey) Flag of Jersey (self-governing Crown dependency of the UK) Flag of
List of national flags by design
List_of_national_flags_by_design
Plan to transform the EU into a climate-neutral economy by 2050
existing law on its climate merits, and also introduce new legislation on the circular economy (CE), building renovation, biodiversity, farming and innovation
European_Green_Deal
Island country in the Indian Ocean
island and under the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Mauritius and its dependencies to the United Kingdom. The British colony of Mauritius now included Rodrigues
Mauritius
Data visualization with quartiles
according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box
Fan_chart_(statistics)
Societal goal and normative concept
and profit". The name of this approach is the triple bottom line. The circular economy is a related concept. Its goal is to decouple environmental pressure
Sustainability
Mode of human development
linear path of materials (extraction, use, disposal in landfill) to a circular material flow that reuses materials as much as possible, much like the
Sustainable_development
Unofficial regional flag for Vancouver Island
seal of the colony, officially called the Island of Vancouver and its Dependencies. This was designed in 1849/50 in London by Benjamin Wyon (1802-1858)
Flag_of_Vancouver_Island
Physical artifact that formerly defined the kilogram
is 90% platinum and 10% iridium (by mass) and is machined into a right-circular cylinder with perpendicular height equal to its diameter of about 39 millimetres
International Prototype of the Kilogram
International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram
Region of chromaticity diagram
estimations at the foveal vision. A recent work examined the eccentricity dependency of color discrimination using a virtual reality device. Unsurprisingly
MacAdam_ellipse
Theorem about Diophantine approximations
that planets in circular orbits moving uniformly around a star will, over time, assume all alignments, unless there is an exact dependency between their
Kronecker's_theorem
A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state
List of currencies used in dependent territories
List_of_currencies_used_in_dependent_territories
Historic site
building around the central yard. All its dependencies face this yard through a gallery of gothic semi-circular arches. In 1931, the Spanish Second Republic
Bellver_Castle
Set of people living in a particular area or interbreeding
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Population_(human_biology)
Approach to sanitation provision which aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture
(also spelled eco-san or EcoSan), and also known as circular sanitation as a reference to the circular economy, is an approach to sanitation provision which
Ecological_sanitation
Converting waste materials into new products
circular economy using cutting-edge sorting technology and community engagement. According to Melati et al., to successfully transition to a circular
Recycling
Study of threats to biological diversity
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Conservation_biology
Diagram showing the order of activities
valid project network is that it doesn't contain any circular references. Project dependencies can also be depicted by a predecessor table. Although
Project_network
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2015). "Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives"
Protist
type of quantifier in formal logic that allows for the expression of dependencies between different quantified variables, representing more complex relationships
Glossary_of_logic
Indian non-profit organisation
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Kalpavriksh
Public transportation method utilizing old rolling stock
however, three notable heritage tram operations in the UK and Crown dependencies. The National Tramway Museum at Crich, near Matlock, is located in an
Heritage_streetcar
parlamento.pt (in Portuguese). Lisbon. p. 483. Retrieved July 18, 2025. "Circular (minuta) do Ministério da Guerra para os generais das províncias sobre
List of national days of mourning (before 2000)
List_of_national_days_of_mourning_(before_2000)
Brundtland report
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Our_Common_Future
Multimedia framework
applications, where it can be used with custom hardware to simplify version and dependency management and also to provide operating system abstraction across multiple
FFmpeg
Power outage in Spain and Portugal
dependência eléctrica da mobilidade urbana" [The blackout and the electric dependency of urban mobility]. Lisboa Para Pessoas [pt] (in Portuguese). Archived
2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout
2025_Iberian_Peninsula_blackout
Swamp dominated by pond or bald cypress
taller trees grow at the center in deeper water. They usually appear as circular, but if the center is too deep, they form a “doughnut” shape when viewed
Cypress_dome
Reduction of environmental impacts of the fashion industry
models go under the name of "circular fashion," inspired by the idea of a circular economy. Much of the work on circular fashion builds on initiatives
Sustainable_fashion
British politician (born 1965)
reports. In April 2014, Davey called for the G7 to begin reduction of dependency on Russian energy following the Revolution of Dignity and commencement
Ed_Davey
Province of Canada
Pays d'en Haut was formally established in 1610 as an administrative dependency of Canada, and was for defence and business rather than a settlement colony
Ontario
Ocean dynamics
occurring at the eddy centre, in correspondence to variations of a perfectly circular flow. 0 = ∂ ρ ∂ t + ∇ ⋅ ( ρ u ) ⟶ ∂ ρ ∂ t = − ∂ ∂ z ρ w {\displaystyle
Eddy_pumping
Main airport serving London, England
Centre List of airports in the United Kingdom and the British Crown Dependencies Number of passengers including domestic, international and transit "Aircraft
Heathrow_Airport
12th-century Romanesque church in L'Isle-Jourdain, Vienne, France
12th-century Romanesque church in L'Isle-Jourdain, Vienne, France. A former dependency of the Benedictine Abbey of Moutier-d'Ahun, the building served a small
Church_of_Saint-Paixent
is destined at some future time to be queen of these realms and their dependencies, of which Australia is by no means the most inconspicuous." Pomboa Huber
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1800–1899)
Strongest type of permanent magnet from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron
"Sustainable recovery, recycling and reuse of rare-earth magnets in a circular economy". Steinbeis Europa Zentrum. Retrieved 26 August 2025. "MOU signed
Neodymium_magnet
Funding initiative established by TED
An ambitious plan to reduce plastic production and foster a reuse-based circular economy Plastic Solutions Fund A plan to combat lead poisoning at global
The_Audacious_Project
Norwegian island in Antarctica
kilometres (240 nmi) from continental Antarctica. It is claimed as a dependency of Norway and, along with Bouvet Island and Queen Maud Land, composes
Peter_I_Island
crash-linked or pollution-mediated, deaths from automobility-centrism and dependency. 19 February Astronomers announce the most luminous object ever discovered
2024_in_science
Water conserving landscaping method
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Xeriscaping
(WebDAV; RFC 4918) The resource that is being accessed is locked. 424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918) The request failed because it depended on another request
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Period of the history of Spain corresponding to the Contemporary Age
marriage (June 30, 2005), much protested by the Catholic Church, and the Dependency Law (November 30, 2006). Other social measures of great impact were the
Contemporary_history_of_Spain
United Nations goals for people for 2039
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Sustainable_Development_Goals
School Praxis School Neo-Marxism Analytical Marxism Conflict theories Dependency theory Social conflict theory World-systems theory Freudo–Marxism Gramscianism
List_of_political_ideologies
Indian environmentalist, nature scientist (born 1959)
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Jadav_Payeng
Bronze Age civilization on Crete and other Aegean Islands
Arthur (2003). Handbook to the Palace of Minos at Knossos with Its Dependencies (2nd ed.). Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-3916-9. Preziosi, Donald
Minoan_civilization
Sanction evasion in the maritime domain
can undercut international efforts given the large and unsustainable dependency of North Korea on the country: 84% of its external trade is with China
Shadow_fleet
the United States: Where Thley Happen and Why, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1245, URL accessed 13 June 2006. Horn-Muller, Ayurella (April 15, 2023)
Geography of the United States
Geography_of_the_United_States
financial support and incentives, unbundled renewable energy certificates dependency, and a collaboration gap (referring to the absence of a leading cause
Environmental impact of Big Tech
Environmental_impact_of_Big_Tech
Road signs in the United Kingdom and its associated Crown dependencies and overseas territories conform broadly to the standards set by the Vienna Convention
Road signs in the United Kingdom
Road_signs_in_the_United_Kingdom
deported to extermination camps. The Isle of Man is a self-governing Crown dependency external to the United Kingdom. Its foreign relations and defence, however
World_War_II_by_country
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Turkmenistan were formed from parts of Russia's Turkestan ASSR and two Soviet dependencies, the Khorezm and Bukharan PSPs. In 1929, Tajikistan was split off from
Soviet_Union
Minor basilica in Bogotá, Colombia
the statue’s supporting pillar. Within the façade’s side walls are two circular ducts: the southern one contains a spiral stone staircase leading to the
Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Bogotá
Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus,_Bogotá
Country in South Asia
Matthias, eds. (12 January 2013). Peripheralization: The Making of Spatial Dependencies and Social Injustice. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-531-19018-1
Pakistan
Church and former abbey in Chur, Switzerland
was probably built in the first half of the 8th century, but only the circular crypt survives, where Saint Lucius was venerated. The adjoining vault,
St._Luzi,_Chur
Smallest functional written unit
represents the phoneme /ʃ/. This referential concept is linked to the dependency hypothesis that claims that writing merely depicts speech. By contrast
Grapheme
Removal of any species of fish from water at a rate that the species cannot replenish
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Overfishing
Fuel type Owner In commission Decommission date Smokestack configuration [circular reference] Battle River Generating Station Alberta 52°28′08″N 112°08′02″W
Coal_in_Canada
Facility where people are kept as punishment
Flora Louisa Shaw (1997). "Songhay Under Askia the Great". A tropical dependency: an outline of the ancient history of the western Sudan with an account
Prison
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Biosphere
The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and its Dependencies, Parbury, Allen and Company, vol III, pp 66. Sura, Ajay (3 August 2014)
Indian Army ranks and insignia
Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia
Postulated primary cause of all activity in the universe
(first cause), about whom, the subordinate movers suffer an accidental dependency. Many of Aristotle's contemporaries complained that oblivious, powerless
Unmoved_mover
secondary sources such as NY Times, LA Times and the Telegraph (a case of circular reporting). Excluding overseas departments "McDonald's Seeks its Fast-Food
List of countries with McDonald's restaurants
List_of_countries_with_McDonald's_restaurants
Computational model used in machine learning
attention mechanisms that allow neural networks to model long-range dependencies in data and have the basis of large language models.[AI-generated?] Artificial
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Psychology approach developed in the 1980s
things from a place of inner comfort and security. TPP views chemical dependency and related behaviors as a response to a lack of self-efficacy, rather
Three_Principles_Psychology
Economy based on exploitation and preservation of the marine environment
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Blue_economy
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Sikh
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Indian
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Girl/Female
Indian
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Turnham in East Yorkshire or Turnham Green in West London, both of which are so named from an Old English trun ‘circular’, probably denoting a U-shaped bend in a river, + hamm ‘water meadow’ or hÄm ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire)
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire) : possibly a variant of Trendall, a topographic name for someone who lived by a well, earhwork, stone circle, or other circular feature, from Middle English trendel, trandle ‘circle’ (Old English trendel).Possibly an altered spelling of South German Tröndle, a variant of Trendle, a nickname for a tearful person, from Träne ‘tear’ + the diminutive suffix -l.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Rite of Dependency; Trust on God
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
Boy/Male
Indian
Blessed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Soumili | ஸோஉஂமீலீÂ
Good friend
Boy/Male
Indian
One who Leads in the Right Direction
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German, Hebrew
Beloved; Feminine Form of David
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Laura, LAURISSA means "laurel."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Traditional
Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
One who Increases Happiness
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rock that can Penetrate Metal
Boy/Male
English
Shining sea.
Boy/Male
Czech
Determined; stubborn.
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
a.
repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.
n.
A circular projecting portion.
a.
Circular; suitable to rotation.
n.
Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion.
a.
Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic.
n.
A small circular saw.
a.
In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
a.
Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular.
a.
A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
a.
Round; circular; spherical.
v. i.
To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
a.
Nearly circular.
a.
Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular letter.
a.
Perfect; complete.
n.
The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.
a.
A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.
adv.
In a circular manner.
n.
A circular dance.
a.
Circular; illogical.
v. t.
To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.