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Simple and widely known encryption technique
so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. The encryption step performed by a Caesar cipher is often incorporated
Caesar_cipher
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different
Vigenère_cipher
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting that creates the ciphertext (its output) by replacing units of the plaintext (its input)
Substitution_cipher
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
2003 studio album by Negative Format
Cipher Method is Negative Format's fourth CD. The album was built with complex beat and rhythm structures, mixing Negative Format's trance melodies with
Cipher_Method
Steganography method
Bacon's cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganographic message encoding devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. In steganography, a message is
Bacon's_cipher
Type of substitution cipher
pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric
Pigpen_cipher
Encryption and decryption method
A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key
Book_cipher
Disused cipher that was used historically
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern
Classical_cipher
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Early block substitution cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution
Playfair_cipher
Class of cipher
are: a cipher method should not be difficult to use it should not be possible for others to recover the plaintext (called 'reading the cipher') in some
Grille_(cryptography)
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Cipher method
The Chaocipher is a cipher method invented by John Francis Byrne in 1918 and described in his 1953 autobiographical Silent Years. He believed Chaocipher
Chaocipher
Set of algorithms that help secure a network connection
A cipher suite is a set of algorithms that help secure a network connection. Suites typically use Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its deprecated predecessor
Cipher_suite
Simple form of encryption
null cipher, also known as concealment cipher, is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material
Null_cipher
Decryption of World War II cipher
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Cryptographic cipher
The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters
Aristocrat_Cipher
Type of cipher
cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building
Block_cipher
Block cipher
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides
Blowfish_(cipher)
Musical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
music ciphers as distinguished by both the method of encryption and the musical symbols used. Regarding the former, most are simple substitution ciphers with
Music_cipher
Type of code
Thus, after encryption, we get "xtrkykcy". A more complicated method involves a Bifid cipher without a key (or, in other words, with a key of plain alphabet):
Polybius_square
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography methods have become increasingly complex
Cryptography
Scavenger hunt based on Gravity Falls
The Cipher Hunt was an alternate reality game and international scavenger hunt created by storyboard artist and voice actor Alex Hirsch based on his animated
Cipher_Hunt
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up cipher in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A cipher is a method of encryption or decryption. Cipher may also refer to: CIPHER (DOS command), an
Cipher_(disambiguation)
Stream cipher
(also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR, meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. While it is remarkable for its simplicity and speed in software, multiple
RC4
Fundamental tool in cryptography
ciphers, including the Vigenère cipher and Blaise de Vigenère's less well-known autokey cipher. All polyalphabetic ciphers based on the Caesar cipher
Tabula_recta
Device for decoding a substitution cipher
descendants of the cipher disk developed in the 15th century by Leon Battista Alberti. Rather than the complex polyalphabetic Alberti cipher method, the decoders
Secret_decoder_ring
Type of symmetric key cipher
stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each
Stream_cipher
Encryption and decryption tool consisting of two metal plates with alphabets
encryption method, one could use the much simpler cipher disk. This made both encryption and decryption faster, simpler and less prone to error. The cipher disk
Cipher_disk
German cipher machine during World War II
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication
Enigma_machine
Puzzle
text. Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is
Cryptogram
Interwar Polish-intelligence cryptology agency
The Cipher Bureau (Polish: Biuro Szyfrów [ˈbʲurɔ ˈʂɨfruf] ) was the Second Department of Polish General Staff unit charged with SIGINT and both cryptography
Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)
Set of three ciphertexts
The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated
Beale_ciphers
Algorithm
use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Type of cipher used in World War I
In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages
ADFGVX_cipher
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
exchange or agree upon an encryption key and a cipher to use when encrypting data (see § Cipher). Among the methods used for key exchange/agreement are: public
Transport_Layer_Security
Classic polyalphabet encryption system
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from
Autokey_cipher
Polyalphabetic substitution encryption and decryption system
The Alberti cipher, created in 1467 by Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti, was one of the first polyalphabetic ciphers. In the opening pages of his
Alberti_cipher
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical
History_of_cryptography
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
theorized a cipher to encode and decode messages to provide a more secure way of military correspondence. The cipher, known today as the Wheel Cipher or the
Encryption
Encryption technique
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large
Two-square_cipher
Simple encryption method
substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. It is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed
ROT13
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher and other systems during World War II, it also made possible new methods of cryptography orders of magnitude
Cryptanalysis
Encryption technique
the principles of information theory. Digital versions of one-time pad ciphers have been used by nations for critical diplomatic and military communication
One-time_pad
Polish decryption device
designed around October 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski to break German Enigma-machine ciphers. How the machine came to be called
Bomba_(cryptography)
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
The Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II. They were developed by C. Lorenz
Lorenz_cipher
Alternative Shakespeare authorship theory
$5,000 in damages. Orville Ward Owen had such conviction of his own cipher method that, in 1909, he began excavating the bed of the River Wye, near Chepstow
Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Baconian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship
Method in cryptanalysis
Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher. It was first published by
Kasiski_examination
In 1817, he developed a progressive cipher system based on a 1790 design by Thomas Jefferson, establishing a method that was continuously improved upon
Wadsworth's_cipher
Stream cipher
Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software. Rabbit was first presented
Rabbit_(cipher)
15th-century codex in an unknown script
substitution cipher or polyalphabetic cipher. As noted in Bowern's review, the writer or writers of the manuscript may have used two methods of encoding
Voynich_manuscript
Cryptology method
the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Enigma machine ciphers. The Enigma rotor cipher machine changes plaintext characters into cipher text using
Grill_(cryptology)
Enciphered text written by English composer Edward Elgar
from Sir Edward to the individual that broke his cipher. Packwood's method involved rearranging the cipher based on the position of several dots, which Packwood
Dorabella_Cipher
Fractionated cipher
above, the cipher requires a 27-letter mixed alphabet: we follow Delastelle by using a plus sign as the 27th letter. A traditional method for constructing
Trifid_cipher
Cryptologic technique used in World War II
The method of Zygalski sheets was a cryptologic technique used by the Polish Cipher Bureau before and during World War II, and during the war also by
Zygalski_sheets
Overview of works by the English philosopher Francis Bacon
Scientiarum. In this later Latin translation, he also presented his cipher method. In this work of 1603, an argument for the progress of knowledge, Bacon
Works_by_Francis_Bacon
Cryptographic primitive
compression functions are often built from block ciphers. Some methods to turn any normal block cipher into a one-way compression function are Davies–Meyer
One-way_compression_function
transposition cipher In the serpentine or Route transposition cipher, the plaintext is written down as the cipher above. The only difference lies in the method of
General der Nachrichtenaufklärung Training Referat
General_der_Nachrichtenaufklärung_Training_Referat
Polish mathematician and cryptologist (1905–1980)
who in late 1932 reconstructed the sight-unseen German military Enigma cipher machine. Over the next nearly seven years, Rejewski and fellow mathematician-cryptologists
Marian_Rejewski
Cipher algorithm
to employ standard analysis methods. The permutation uses S-boxes designed using evolutionary search heuristics. The cipher was a Phase 3 Focus candidate
Dragon_(cipher)
Encrypted information
result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it
Ciphertext
Stream cipher
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software
Trivium_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment Algorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed
FEAL
Cryptographic method
of the same codebook. If they use a cipher, they will need appropriate keys. If the cipher is a symmetric key cipher, both will need a copy of the same
Key_exchange
Cryptography in the Indian classic treatise Kamasutra
other methods for secret communications like Gudhayojya, Gudhapada and Gudhavarna. Some modern writers on cryptography have christened the ciphers alluded
Mlecchita_vikalpa
How often each letter appears in written language
mathematician Al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873), who formally developed the method to break ciphers. Letter frequency analysis gained importance in Europe with the
Letter_frequency
Method for writing secret messages
solution is to obtain the grille itself. The method is slow and requires literary skill. Above all, any physical cipher device is subject to loss, theft and seizure;
Cardan_grille
Input to a cryptographic primitive
while avoiding the re-issuing of a new key after each block cipher invocation, a method is needed to randomize the input data. In 1980, the NIST published
Initialization_vector
Method for decrypting German Enigma ciphers
cryptography, the clock was a method devised by Polish mathematician-cryptologist Jerzy Różycki, at the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau, to facilitate decrypting
Clock_(cryptography)
Block cipher
Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The 56-bit key
Triple_DES
Cryptographic cipher device
codes, designing the first variable length cipher, although this was still a substitution cipher: With that cipher, La vigilanza di papa Clemente fu grande
Straddling_checkerboard
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007
PRESENT
Method in cryptography
Sorting [0,1,2,3] by weight gives [3,1,2,0], so the cipher is F(0) = 3 F(1) = 1 F(2) = 2 F(3) = 0 This method is only useful for small values of N. For larger
Format-preserving_encryption
Historical article manuscript
The Copiale cipher is an encrypted manuscript consisting of 75,000 handwritten characters filling 105 pages in a bound volume. Undeciphered for more than
Copiale_cipher
an encryption method to store separate initial states for every sector on disk—seemingly a waste of space. The alternative, a block cipher, is limited to
Disk_encryption_theory
US cryptographic equipment
powerful method in theory, made many mistakes so the system was compromised, letting multiple Axis countries decipher it. Like most classical ciphers, strip
M-94_(cipher_machine)
Attack model for cryptanalysis with access to both plaintext and ciphertext
and keysettings of the Enigma. The Polish Cipher Bureau had likewise exploited "cribs" in the "ANX method" before World War II (the Germans' use of "AN"
Known-plaintext_attack
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide
Running_key_cipher
Aspect of WWII Allied intelligence gathering
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read high-level German army messages during World War II. The British Government
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
plaintexts to carry out, and are not a concern in practice. For any cipher, the most basic method of attack is brute force—trying every possible key in turn.
Data_Encryption_Standard
International standard
Codes (MACs) – Part 1: Mechanisms using a block cipher is an international standard that defines methods for calculating a message authentication code (MAC)
ISO/IEC_9797-1
Numerological practice of reading a word or phrase as a number
alphanumeric cipher. The letters of the alphabets involved have standard numerical values, but a word can yield several values if a cipher is used. According
Gematria
Study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext
letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in
Frequency_analysis
Cipher system attributed to Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson disk, also called the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, is a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels
Jefferson_disk
Process of encrypting message one or more times
two ciphers, if the key used is the same for both, the second cipher could possibly undo the first cipher, partly or entirely. This is true of ciphers where
Multiple_encryption
Message authentication code algorithm
a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that is reducible in security to the underlying block cipher. PMAC
PMAC_(cryptography)
Authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm
with associated data (AEAD) algorithm, that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication code. It has fast software performance
ChaCha20-Poly1305
Cryptologic device
designed, "probably in 1934 or 1935," by Marian Rejewski of the Polish Cipher Bureau's German section (BS-4), to catalog the cycle structure of Enigma
Cyclometer
Authenticated encryption mode
Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers that provides both encryption and message authentication in a single pass
Galois/Counter_Mode
Block cipher
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Class of electromechanical encryption devices, used widely from the 1920s to the 1970s
substitution cipher, which changes with every key press. In classical cryptography, one of the earliest encryption methods was the simple substitution cipher, where
Rotor_machine
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric-key cipher. Diffie–Hellman is used to secure a variety of Internet services. However
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
Ciphers used by the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II
The vulnerability of Japanese naval codes and ciphers was crucial to the conduct of the Pacific War of World War II, and had an important influence on
Japanese_naval_codes
Form of cryptanalysis
In cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published
Boomerang_attack
Methods to break a stream cipher
Stream ciphers, where plaintext bits are combined with a cipher bit stream by an exclusive-or operation (xor), can be secure if used properly.[citation
Stream_cipher_attacks
US Electronic Body Music and trance band
Exploration In Trance (with Massiv in Mensch, Artoffact Records, 2002) Cipher Method (Out Of Line, Sector 9 Studios, February 2003) Moving Past The Boundaries
Negative_Format
Cryptographic algorithm
In cryptography, ciphertext stealing (CTS) is a general method of using a block cipher mode of operation that allows for processing of messages that are
Ciphertext_stealing
Message authentication code algorithm
cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) is a technique for constructing a message authentication code (MAC) from a block cipher.
CBC-MAC
Form of cryptanalysis
affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two
Linear_cryptanalysis
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to unisex forename use, derived from Middle English pipere, PIPER means "pipe-player."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English
Flute Player; A Young Dove; Piper
Male
English
Short form of English Christopher, TOPHER means "Christ-bearer."Â
Girl/Female
English American
Piper.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Rusher.Americanized spelling of German Rischer, a nickname for a hasty or impetuous person, from an agent derivative of Middle High German rischen ‘to rush’.Americanized spelling of Swiss German Rüscher, a topographic name for someone who lived on a mountainside, from southern dialect risch ‘slope’, ‘mountainside’ + -er, suffix denoting an inhabitant.Americanized spelling of North German Rischer, a topographic name from Middle Low German risch ‘reed’, a topographic name for someone who lived where reeds grew.Anglicized form of Eastern German Rischar, a nickname from Sorbian rýsar ‘knight’.
Male
Hebrew
(עֵפֶר) Hebrew name EPHER means "calf" or "gazelle." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Ezra.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who made or sold baskets, or else carried wares about in a basket, from an agent derivative of Middle English (h)rip ‘basket’ (Old Norse hrip).German : variant of Ripp.
Boy/Male
Biblical
A digger.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney, an occupational name, the meaning of which has not been established.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar' A conspirator against Caesar.
Surname or Lastname
English (East Midlands)
English (East Midlands) : occupational name from Middle English tipeler ‘ale-seller’.
Female
English
Short form of English Cheryl, probably CHER means "darling beryl."
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Discher ‘joiner’.English
Americanized spelling of German Discher ‘joiner’.English : occupational name for a maker or seller of dishes, from an agent derivative of Old English disc ‘dish’.Possibly a respelling of any of the names mentioned at Deshaw.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an agent derivative of Middle English cappe ‘cap’, ‘headgear’, hence an occupational name for a maker of caps and hats.Dutch : variant of Capers.
Male
Greek
(ΑιθήÏ) Greek name AITHER means "bright, upper air." In mythology, this is the name of one of the first gods, the son of Erebos and Nyx. He is the god of the pure, upper air that only the gods breathe, as opposed to the gloomy, lower "aer" breathed by mortals.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Ophir, OPHER means "gold" or "reducing to ashes."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cooper, from Middle English copere, found from the 12th century alongside cupere.English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in copper, Old English coper (Latin (aes) Cyprium ‘Cyprian bronze’).Respelling of German Kopper.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably an occupational name for a maker of arrowheads, from an agent derivative of Middle English tippe ‘tip’, ‘head’. On the other hand it may possibly be a bawdy nickname from an agent derivative of Middle English t̄pe(n) ‘to knock over’ (of obscure origin; here with a sexually suggestive sense). The same name has been established in Ireland, in County Kildare, since the beginning of the 14th century.German : topographic name from a Westphalian field name, Tippe, of unexplained etymology.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a fisherman, Middle English fischer. The name has also been used in Ireland as a loose equivalent of Braden. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognates and names of similar meaning from many other European languages, including German Fischer, Dutch Visser, Hungarian Halász, Italian Pescatore, Polish Rybarz, etc.In a few cases, the English name may in fact be a topographic name for someone who lived near a fish weir on a river, from the Old English term fisc-gear ‘fish weir’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a fisherman, Yiddish fisher, German Fischer.Irish : translation of Gaelic Ó Bradáin ‘descendant of Bradán’, a personal name meaning ‘salmon’. See Braden.Mistranslation of French Poissant, meaning ‘powerful’, but understood as poisson ‘fish’ (see Poisson), and assimilated to the more frequent English name.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements rÄ«c ‘power(ful)’ + hari, heri ‘army’. The name was introduced into England by the Normans in the form Richier, but was largely absorbed by the much more common Richard.Americanized spelling of German Ritscher, a variant of Richard.German : nickname or status name from Sorbian ryÄer ‘knight’.
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhanasvi | தநாஸà¯à®µà¯€
Fortune
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Joy, JOYE means "joy."
Girl/Female
Russian
Cheerful.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Red Color
Boy/Male
German, Swedish
Lord
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Slavic
Enforces peace. The name of the patron saint of Poland; also a favored name of Polish royalty.
Boy/Male
English
A , from the Old English 'ceorl' meaning man. Sometimes used as an independent name. Famous...
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Moon; Lord of Night
Male
Yiddish
(עֶלְקָן) Yiddish form of Hebrew Elqanah, ELKAN means either "God has created" or "God has possessed."
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
CIPHER METHOD
a.
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
v. t.
To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible terms; as, to decipher a letter written in secret characters.
n.
A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper.
conj. Either
precedes two, or more, coordinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
n.
See Copier.
v. t.
To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
a.
Faced or covered with copper; as, copper-faced type.
n.
One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyidae; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan.
imp. & p. p.
of Cipher
n.
A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper.
n. & v.
See Cipher.
v. t.
To decipher.
n.
A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
a.
Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.
n.
The American dipper or ouzel (Cinclus Mexicanus).
n.
One who ciphers.
v. t.
To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.
n.
A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper tree.
v. t.
To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter.
n.
Alt. of Ripper