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Layer of a star's atmosphere
A chromosphere ("sphere of color", from the Ancient Greek words χρῶμα (khrôma) 'color' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') is the second layer of a star's atmosphere
Chromosphere
Star at the centre of the Solar System
divided into three primary layers: the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona. The chromosphere and corona are separated by a thin transition region
Sun
Type of large cool star
evidence of a hot chromosphere above the photosphere of red giants, where investigating the heating mechanisms for the chromospheres to form requires 3D
Red_giant
Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere
photosphere and chromosphere and extends out to the edge of the solar atmosphere where it merges with the solar wind. The chromosphere and corona are separated
Solar_corona
supermassive black hole or a compact stellar nucleus, but sometimes both. chromosphere A thin transition region of a star's outer atmosphere, positioned above
Glossary_of_astronomy
French astronomer (1824–1907)
Lockyer, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere, and with some justification the element helium. Janssen was born in
Pierre_Janssen
Layer of the Sun's atmosphere
transition region is a region of the Sun's atmosphere between the upper chromosphere and corona. It is important because it is the site of several unrelated
Solar_transition_region
Feature of total and annular solar eclipses
chromosphere (the Greek chrōma meaning "color") appears. Though the reddish hydrogen radiation is most visible to the unaided eye, the chromosphere also
Baily's_beads
Outer region of the volume of a star
magnetic field, lie in the photosphere. Above the photosphere lies the chromosphere. This part of the atmosphere first cools down and then starts to heat
Stellar_atmosphere
Jet of plasma in the Sun's chromosphere
known as a fibril or mottle, is a dynamic jet of plasma in the Sun's chromosphere about 300 km in diameter. They move upwards with speeds between 15 and
Solar_spicule
Bright region in the Sun's chromosphere
A plage /pleɪdʒ/ is a bright region in the Sun's chromosphere, typically found in and around active regions. Historically, they have been referred to as
Solar_plage
Deep-red spectral line of hydrogen
features in the Sun's atmosphere, including solar prominences and the chromosphere. According to the Bohr model of the atom, electrons exist in quantized
Hydrogen-alpha
British musician (1947–2010)
Ancient Kindred for orchestra, Ancient Rites for choir and orchestra, Chromosphere for five players and tape, The Ultimate Decay for tape, The Book of Love
Morris_Pert
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
of the solar limb, particularly the interface region made up of the chromosphere and transition region. The spacecraft consists of a satellite bus and
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph
Topics referred to by the same term
object (TZO), a cool evolved star that contains a neutron star Hybrid-chromosphere star, an evolved star with a hot corona and cool stellar wind A variable
Hybrid_star
Structure extending off of the Sun's surface
prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. Like the corona, solar prominences are only visible to the naked eye
Solar_prominence
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
environment otherwise known as the MOLsphere, a gaseous envelope, a chromosphere, a dust environment and two outer shells (S1 and S2) composed of carbon
Betelgeuse
Observatory
Chromosphere of the Sun showing the red H-alpha spectral line observed during an eclipse.
Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory
American astronomer (1901–1976)
the United States. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars, and the nature of gaseous
Donald_Howard_Menzel
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Solar_System
Large self-illuminated object in space
lowest level of the atmosphere, just above the photosphere, is the thin chromosphere region, where spicules appear and stellar flares begin. Above this is
Star
American animated television series
Production Executive producers Max Keane Glen Keane Gennie Rim Animator Chromosphere Studio Editor Sally Bergom Running time 10-17 minutes Production companies
Trash_Truck_(TV_series)
Region of space dominated by the Sun
Atmosphere Photosphere Supergranulation Granule Faculae Sunspot Ellerman bomb Chromosphere Plage Spicule Moreton wave Corona Transition region Coronal hole Coronal
Heliosphere
Outermost layer of a star's atmosphere
Giuseppe Vaiana and his group showed that F-, G-, K- and M-stars have chromospheres and often coronae much like the Sun. The O-B stars, which do not have
Stellar_corona
Supernova that ejects a large mass at unusually high velocity
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Hypernova
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
binary systems with at least one of the components having a highly active chromosphere, including huge sunspots and flares, believed to be enhanced by the close
Variable_star
India's first solar observation mission
main objectives of Aditya-L1 are: To observe the dynamics of the solar chromosphere and corona: To study chromospheric and coronal heating, the physics of
Aditya-L1
Relation between the ionization state of a gas and the temperature and pressure
ISBN 978-3-319-22309-4. Saha, Megh Nad (1920). "LIII. Ionization in the solar chromosphere". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 40 (238): 472–488. doi:10.1080/14786441008636148
Saha_ionization_equation
Nearest star to the Solar System
the largest flares can reach 1028 erg/s (1021 W). Proxima Centauri's chromosphere is active, and its spectrum displays a strong emission line of singly
Proxima_Centauri
Small number of stars that orbit each other
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Star_system
British animated television series based on the Dr. Seuss book of the same name
Gulfstream Pictures. Animation services for Season 1 were provided by Chromosphere Studio, Company 3 Animation (formerly Deluxe Animation Studios), Folimage
Green Eggs and Ham (TV series)
Green_Eggs_and_Ham_(TV_series)
Set of non-stellar objects in orbit around a star
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Planetary_system
mission to study the solar corona using a solar coronagraph and also chromosphere using near UV instrument. X-ray spectroscopic instruments will provide
List_of_ISRO_missions
Star in the constellation Libra
main-sequence star, a red dwarf, with a stellar classification of M4.0V. The chromosphere of this star is weakly active, causing starspots that vary the stellar
HN_Librae
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
W, Ayres T (1994). "New Light on the Heart of Darkness of the Solar Chromosphere" (PDF). Science. 263 (5143): 64–66. Bibcode:1994Sci...263...64S. doi:10
Water
British astronomer (1927–2002)
great deal of information about the hot plasmas especially in the Sun's chromosphere and corona. Wilson then became involved in the European Space Research
Robert_Wilson_(astronomer)
Stellar classification
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
A-type_main-sequence_star
Binary star system in the constellation Reticulum
as they age. ζ1 has an intermediate level of magnetic activity in its chromosphere with an erratic variability. A long-term activity cycle of ~4.2 years
Zeta_Reticuli
Star of luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Subdwarf
Single yellow-hued star in the constellation Cetus
approximately the same as the average distance between Venus and the Sun. The chromosphere of Tau Ceti—the portion of a star's atmosphere just above the light-emitting
Tau_Ceti
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Lists of stars by constellation
Lists_of_stars_by_constellation
Variable star that brightens unpredictably
lines, propagating energy from the corona to the lower chromosphere. The material in the chromosphere is then heated up and expands to the corona. Emission
Flare_star
Radio waves produced by the Sun
primarily from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere called the chromosphere and corona, respectively. The Sun produces radio emissions through four
Solar_radio_emission
Brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion in the core of low-mass stars
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Helium_flash
Star in constellation Canes Venatici
a very weak emission line of singly ionized calcium (Ca II) from the chromosphere, making it a useful reference star for a reference spectrum to compare
Beta_Canum_Venaticorum
Star with a planetary system in the constellation Triangulum
two billion years in age and has an active chromosphere. The amount of activity measured in the chromosphere corresponds to a star with a rotation period
HD_9446
Flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Stellar_wind
Low-frequency plasma wave
produce Alfvén waves. The waves then leave the surface, travel through the chromosphere and transition zone, and interact with the ionized plasma. The wave itself
Alfvén_wave
Star in the constellation of Hercules
are all similar to the Sun, and the level of magnetic activity in the chromosphere is comparable to solar levels. The secondary member, component B, is
HD_164595
Stellar classification
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
O-type_star
Star in the constellation Virgo
equator. On average, there is only a low level of activity in the stellar chromosphere and it is a candidate for being in a Maunder minimum state, but it was
61_Virginis
Star in the constellation Aquila
Draconis variable, showing a moderate level of magnetic activity in its chromosphere with a suspected activity cycle lasting 13.7 years. The star displays
HD_190007
English guitarist (born 1971)
Elements (liner notes). Random Disturbance Records. 2022. RDR-RAO2. Chromosphere (liner notes). Random Disturbance Records. 2023. RDR-RA03. this citation
Dave_Foster_(guitarist)
British conductor, musician and media creative
musicians was recognised by the Czech Centre in London, where the launch of Chromosphere took place at the embassy. In 2024, Lolin founded an orchestral production
Shea_Lolin
Observatory
200 cm (79 in) Used for the observation of sun spots and plage areas. Chromosphere telescope Diameter: 12 cm (4.7 in) Focal ratio: f/19 Focal length: 232 cm
Istanbul University Observatory
Istanbul_University_Observatory
Observatory
tasked with monitoring the Sun's atmosphere through observation of the chromosphere and corona. Studies of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are also conducted
Mauna_Loa_Solar_Observatory
Type of episodic heating event
corona which is not radiated externally is conducted back towards the chromosphere along the arcs. In the transition region where the temperature is about
Nanoflare
Central region of the Sun
Atmosphere Photosphere Supergranulation Granule Faculae Sunspot Ellerman bomb Chromosphere Plage Spicule Moreton wave Corona Transition region Coronal hole Coronal
Solar_core
Taurus Brightest Star
resulting soft X-ray emissions from this region may be attenuated by the chromosphere, although ultraviolet emission has been detected in the spectrum. The
Aldebaran
Changed position of star vs background
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Stellar_parallax
Classification of stars based on spectral properties
molecules to the ionization of atoms. First he applied it to the solar chromosphere, then to stellar spectra. Harvard astronomer Cecilia Payne then demonstrated
Stellar_classification
Measure of the luminosity of celestial objects
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Absolute_magnitude
Overview of and topical guide to the Solar System
Structure of the Sun Solar core Radiative zone Convection zone Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Solar granulation Sunspots Solar prominences Solar flares Physical
Outline_of_the_Solar_System
Light from the stars
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Starlight
Solar telescope in the Canary Islands
solar telescope. It is aimed at observing the solar photosphere and chromosphere at visible and infrared wavelengths. GREGOR sports a high-order adaptive
GREGOR_Solar_Telescope
Scientific study of celestial objects
fusion, the radiation zone, the convection zone, the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona. Planetary science is the study of the assemblage of
Astronomy
Concept in astronomy
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Brown-dwarf_desert
Star in the constellation Ophiuchus
The variability is attributed to large-scale magnetic activity on the chromosphere (in the form of starspots) combined with a rotational period that moved
12_Ophiuchi
Correlation among statistics of a star
that exhibits an emission line at its core originating in the star's chromosphere. In 1957, Olin C. Wilson and M. K. Vainu Bappu reported on the remarkable
Wilson–Bappu_effect
Large-scale chromospheric perturbation
Peak Observatory. He discovered them in time-lapse photography of the chromosphere in the light of the Balmer alpha transition. There were few follow-up
Moreton_wave
Value in astrophysics
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Hayashi_limit
Stellar classification
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
G-type_main-sequence_star
from the external atmosphere of the Sun (traditionally divided into chromosphere, transition region and corona), and, in particular, the processes of
Coronal_radiative_losses
Topics referred to by the same term
dictionary. Plage may refer to: Solar plage, a bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun Plage (mycology), a clear, unornamented area on the basal
Plage
NASA mission, launched in 2010 to GSO
Laboratory (LMSAL), provides continuous full-disk observations of the solar chromosphere and corona in seven extreme ultraviolet (EUV) channels, spanning a temperature
Solar_Dynamics_Observatory
Eruption of electromagnetic radiation
atmosphere. They affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona). The plasma medium is heated to >107 kelvin, while electrons
Solar_flare
Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Accretion_disk
Hypothesized alternative to a black hole
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Gravastar
Gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Protoplanetary_disk
Variable stars of late spectral types
CVn stars, which are another class of variable stars that have active chromospheres. Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Morrell, N. I.; Butler, R. P.; Seager, S.
BY_Draconis_variable
Star's outer shell from which light is radiated
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Photosphere
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius
strength of about 100 gauss and Earth's magnetic field about 0.5 gauss. The chromosphere is an outer layer of a star. A coronal mass ejection is an eruption of
TRAPPIST-1
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
List_of_coolest_stars
Total eclipse
layer of photosphere and chromosphere, and the slit spectrum outside the solar surface. They also captured images of the chromosphere and solar prominences
Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
Solar_eclipse_of_July_11,_1991
Stanford University solar telescope
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society (1986), 18, p.621 Magnetogram Chromosphere Observed from Wilcox Observatory WSO - The Wilcox Solar Observatory v
Wilcox_Solar_Observatory
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
Solar Probe has an orbit that, at its closest point, is in the Sun's chromosphere. There are five space probes that are escaping the Solar System, these
Spacecraft
would imply a constant downflow from the transition region towards the chromosphere. The observed velocity is about 5 km/s. Of course, this is impossible
Evershed_effect
Methods to identify locations on the Sun
In this image of the Sun's chromosphere, the cardinal directions are indicated by a compass rose in the top-left corner: north is up (↑), west is right
Solar_coordinate_systems
Relative abundance of heavy elements in a star or other astronomical object
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Metallicity
Theoretical stellar remnant
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Black_dwarf
Others, such as the one proving the presence of oxygen in the Sun's chromosphere, appeared in scientific journals, such as Nature. He was appointed Director
Thomas_Royds
Scatter plot of stars showing the relationship of luminosity to stellar classification
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram
Compact exotic star which forms matter consisting mostly of quarks
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Quark_star
These shorts are written solely by Rebecca Sugar and are animated by Chromosphere Studio. A series of public service announcement shorts where the Crystal
List of Steven Universe episodes
List_of_Steven_Universe_episodes
Soundtracks for the 2013–19 Cartoon Network television series
also featured a special poster and artwork designed and illustrated by Chromosphere. The vinyl edition was released on March 9, 2018. The track list of Steven
Steven_Universe_soundtracks
Pattern of stars recognized on Earth's night sky
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Asterism_(astronomy)
Classification in astronomy
Microturbulence Oscillations Radiation zone Atmosphere Photosphere Starspot Chromosphere Stellar corona Alfvén surface Stellar wind Bubble Bipolar outflow Accretion
Compact_object
Long-term future of planet Earth
atmosphere, which would decrease Earth's orbital radius. Drag from the chromosphere of the Sun would reduce Earth's orbit. These effects will counterbalance
Future_of_Earth
Laboratory. He is known for his work on the dynamics and heating of the solar chromosphere, transition region and corona, via both wave mechanisms and nanoflares
Bart_De_Pontieu
Optical telescope dedicated to observing the Sun
provides the ability to image multiple layers of the photosphere and chromosphere simultaneously. At its installation in 2010, it generated up to 12 TB
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope
Richard_B._Dunn_Solar_Telescope
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Preserver of the Religion (Islam)
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : nickname for a courageous, arrogant, or foolhardy person, or one quickly moved to anger, from Middle English modie ‘impetuous’, ‘haughty’, ‘angry’ (Old English mÅdig ‘brave’, ‘proud’, from mÅd ‘spirit’, ‘mind’, ‘courage’).
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Born from God
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
A Narrow Country Road; From the Narrow Road
Girl/Female
Indian
Boy/Male
English American
From the old ford.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Vocal Sound of Swan
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Wetland; Marsh; From the Moor-land
Boy/Male
Indian
Power, Office, Authority
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Godeess; Honey
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
a.
Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.
n.
An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.
n.
A chromosphere.