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Biological neural circuit that produces rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are self-organizing biological neural circuits that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input. They are
Central_pattern_generator
Brainwaves, repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system
called a central pattern generator. Central pattern generators are neuronal circuits that—when activated—can produce rhythmic motor patterns in the absence
Neural_oscillation
Semen discharge from the male reproductive tract
remain jellylike. ^cEjaculate liquefies within an hour. There is a central pattern generator in the spinal cord, made up of groups of spinal interneurons,
Ejaculation
Capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity
the context of central pattern generators. Central pattern generators control rhythmic and repeating pattern. Moreover, central pattern regulators are
Homeostatic_plasticity
Sense of self-movement, force, and body position
"virtual", illusory haptic shapes with different perceived qualities. Central pattern generators are groups of neurons in the spinal cord that are responsible
Proprioception
Central pattern generators are biological neural networks organized to produce any rhythmic output without requiring a rhythmic input. In mammals, locomotor
Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals
Neural_substrate_of_locomotor_central_pattern_generators_in_mammals
Part of the vertebral column in animals
spinal interneurons that make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. These circuits are responsible for controlling motor instructions
Spinal_cord
Response to activation of sensory neurons
animal studies have indicated that spinal neural networks known as central pattern generators (CPGs) are responsible for the generation and maintenance of the
Scratch_reflex
Network or circuit of neurons
internal microcircuitry. Neural circuits in the spinal cord called central pattern generators are responsible for controlling motor instructions involved in
Neural_circuit
Neural network in arthropods
foregut. The network of neurons acts as a central pattern generator. It is a model system for motor pattern generation because of the small number of
Stomatogastric_nervous_system
Element of walking
during walking corroborated the former findings, showing that central pattern generator (CPG) might be involved in cyclic arm swing. However, these findings
Arm_swing_in_human_locomotion
cell modulates the bursts of the other. Such cells serve as the central pattern generator (CPG) of the pyloric system in the lobster stomatograstic ganglion
Theta_model
Robotic control method
in central pattern generators, which are widely used for rhythmic robotic motion. Heteroclinic channels have been used to replicate central pattern generators
Heteroclinic_channels
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
abstractions of the signaling properties of biological neurons. Central pattern generator Reflex arc Neural oscillations Neural development – comprises
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
Coordination of the left and right limbs
interlimb can be represented by an integrated model which contains a central pattern generator (CPG), nonlinear muscles, hexahedral geometry, and a representative
Interlimb_coordination
Neuron communication by electric impulses
controlled by central pattern generators. Anode break excitation Bioelectricity Biological neuron model Bursting Central pattern generator Chronaxie Frog
Action_potential
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
corresponding temporally structured stimulus, is called a central pattern generator. Internal pattern generation operates on a wide range of time scales, from
Nervous_system
Directed movement of body parts to accomplish an action
be modeled by coupled phase oscillators, a key component of a central pattern generator (CPG) control architecture. In this framework, the coordination
Motor_coordination
TV test pattern, used to be widely used in European (PAL) countries
Philips circle pattern was later incorporated into other test pattern generators from Philips itself, as well as test pattern generators from various other
Philips_circle_pattern
Sustained depolarized membrane states produced by regenerative ionic currents
its large, identifiable neurons. Work on the Aplysia feeding central pattern generator demonstrated that plateau potentials could be conditionally activated
Plateau_potentials
Primary cell of the nervous system
Harris-Warrick, RM (October 2011). "Neuromodulation and flexibility in Central Pattern Generator networks". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 21 (5): 685–92. doi:10
Neuron
Regulation of movement within organisms possessing a nervous system
have also demonstrated the role of central pattern generators in driving rhythmic movements. A central pattern generator is a neural network that can generate
Motor_control
Topics referred to by the same term
CpG site, a site in DNA CpG island, a specialized region of DNA Central pattern generator, a neural oscillator, for example generating the respiratory cycle
CPG
Signaling mode of neurons
Bursting is thought to be important in the operation of robust central pattern generators, the transmission of neural codes, and some neuropathologies such
Bursting
Species of king crab
pacemaker but also functions as the cellular oscillator and the central pattern generator. This posterior neuron produces a train of impulses, which excites
Red_king_crab
Forms of rhythm generated by the central nervous system
rhythm could contribute to humans unique cognitive abilities. A central pattern generator (CPG) is defined as a neural network that does not require sensory
Neuroscience_of_rhythm
Model of cognition's operation
states and examining fully interconnected networks, three-neuron central pattern generator (CPG) can be used to represent systems such as leg movements during
Cognitive_model
Wave-like animal movement method
relations. Based on biologically hypothesized connections of the central pattern generator in the salamander, a robotic system has been created which exhibits
Undulatory_locomotion
Group of subcortical nuclei involved in the motor and reward systems
1998). "Intrinsic function of a neuronal network – a vertebrate central pattern generator". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 26 (2–3): 184–197. doi:10
Basal_ganglia
Area of the brain
respiration. The NTS directs signals about these functions to a central pattern generator (CPG). This CPG actually coordinates the sequences of physical
Chemoreceptor_trigger_zone
rhythmical and sequential activation of muscles in locomotion. The central pattern generator (CPG) provides the basic locomotor rhythm and synergies by integrating
Spinal_locomotion
function following treatment. List of regions in the human brain Central pattern generator Central nervous system Gait (human) Motor Control Brain Pedunculopontine
Mesencephalic locomotor region
Mesencephalic_locomotor_region
Medical symptom or condition
the solitary tract, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and central pattern generator. These structures go on to signal various downstream effects of
Nausea
Abstract representation of movement
are represented by central pattern generators.p. 182 Signals transmitted through efferent and afferent pathways allow the central nervous system to anticipate
Motor_program
system. Neural circuits within the STG are prominent examples of central pattern generators, and their rhythm-generating properties have been studied in detail
Stomatogastric_ganglion
Evolution of four legged vertebrates and their derivatives
in the lamprey's blood climb too high, a signal is sent to a central pattern generator that causes the lamprey to "cough" and allow CO2 to leave its
Evolution_of_tetrapods
Type of gait due to Parkinson's disease
posture. It is believed the activation of the central pattern generator leads to the improvement in gait pattern. Improving trunk flexibility, along with strengthening
Parkinsonian_gait
or locomotor activity. These activities work if neurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) circuits, which generate rhythmic movements of the body
Rehabilitation in spinal cord injury
Rehabilitation_in_spinal_cord_injury
Type of nonverbal communication
governed by an intricate neural control system called the breathing central pattern generator (bCPG), which involves interactions with brain regions that communicate
Body_language
Biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent
"Target-specific regulation of synaptic efficacy in the feeding central pattern generator of Aplysia: potential substrates for behavioral plasticity?".
Chemical_synapse
Pattern of chemical secretion in cells and tissues
activity from central pattern generators. In the heart, pacemakers are able to work and secrete in a pulsatile manner. A pulsatile secretion pattern is critical
Pulsatile_secretion
Sounds birds use to communicate
doi:10.2307/1365545. JSTOR 1365545. Konishi, M. (2010). "From central pattern generator to sensory template in the evolution of birdsong". Brain & Language
Bird_vocalization
Miniature bipedal robot
belongs to the class of limit cycle walkers. Instead of using a central pattern generator it uses reflexes which generate the gait. The reflexes are triggered
RunBot
Innate escape mechanism by crustaceans
This swimming response seems to be a fixed action pattern mediated by a central pattern generator since it does not require sensory feedback for physical
Caridoid_escape_reaction
Swiss-Dutch roboticist and neuroscientist
1177/0278364913489205. S2CID 90770. Ijspeert, Auke Jan (2008). "Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review" (PDF)
Auke_Ijspeert
Part of the brain's frontal cortex
Cramer, N.P. & Keller, A (2006). "Cortical control of a whisking central pattern generator". J. Neurophysiol. 96 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2006
Primary_motor_cortex
Biomedical engineering discipline
determined by a class of neural networks called the central pattern generator. Central Pattern Generators function within the autonomic nervous system to
Tissue_engineering
Parallel computing paradigm
motors for robotic nematodes, spiders, and lamprey gaits using a Central Pattern Generator (CPG). They were able to function using only feedback from the
Cellular_neural_network
Robot designed to move like a living fish
different gaits can be tricky in robot fish. A central neural system known as a "Central Pattern Generator" (CPGs) can govern multilink robotic fish locomotion
Robot_fish
American neuroscientist and professor
Neurobiology. Feldman's early research focused on locating the central pattern generator responsible for breathing. In 1991 he and his colleagues identified
Jack_L._Feldman
Cluster of interneurons in the medulla oblongata
2009). "Multiple rhythmic states in a model of the respiratory central pattern generator". Journal of Neurophysiology. 101 (4): 2146–2165. doi:10.1152/jn
Pre-Bötzinger_complex
Interneuron relaying signals between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord
movement. During locomotion, the sum of convergent inputs from the central pattern generator (CPG), sensory feedback, descending commands and other intrinsic
Spinal_interneuron
which is implicated in the inhibitory synaptic mechanisms of central pattern generators. The soliton model is an alternative to the Hodgkin–Huxley model
Models_of_neural_computation
Integration of the sensory and motor systems
stimulation. To reduce self-desensitization, the cricket's thoracic central pattern generator sends a corollary discharge, an efference copy that is used to
Sensory-motor_coupling
Type of robot
network which is a specialized form of a central pattern generator. This is a pseudorandom number generator which is producing an oscillating signal.
Crawler_(BEAM)
Telescope focusing device
collimation tool for Windows Windows version of the mask generator Bahtinov mask pattern generator Web Apps Bahtinov grabber, software tool to detect focus
Bahtinov_mask
Pattern of limb movements made during locomotion
and extensor activity. This rhythmic firing is the result of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs), which operate regardless of whether a motion is voluntary
Gait_(human)
Structure of the invertebrate central nervous system
relay information to and from the brain, motor neurons and their central pattern generators that project into the body and synapse onto muscles, axons from
Ventral_nerve_cord
such as the central pattern generators responsible for some automatic reflex actions. Such networks can generate a complex temporal pattern of action potentials
Quantitative models of the action potential
Quantitative_models_of_the_action_potential
Robot that can rearrange its own parts
largely improved. As a chain type system, locomotion by CPG (Central Pattern Generator) controller in various shapes has been demonstrated by M-TRAN
Self-reconfiguring modular robot
Self-reconfiguring_modular_robot
Gait of locomotion among legged animals
oscillators. Often, these oscillators are thought to represent the central pattern generators underlying walking. These models have rich theory behind them
Walking
Algorithm that generates an approximation of a random number sequence
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers
Pseudorandom_number_generator
task that requires positioning and/or force control. Kinesiology Central pattern generator Curiosity Phantom limb Bernstein, N.A. (1967). The Co-Ordination
Motor_babbling
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
contain some patterns detectable in hindsight but impossible to foresee. True random number generators can be hardware random-number generators (HRNGs), wherein
Random_number_generation
Type of mobile robot
(2022). Learning plastic matching of robot dynamics in closed-loop central pattern generators. Nature Machine Intelligence, 4(7), 652–660. https://doi.org/10
Legged_robot
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
S2CID 4281144. Baev K.V. (2012). "Solution of the Problem of Central Pattern Generators and a New Concept of Brain Functions". Neurophysiology. 4 (5):
Holonomic_brain_theory
Regulation of neurons by neurotransmitters
physiological system by acting on the associated inputs (for instance, central pattern generators). However, modeling work suggests that this alone is insufficient
Neuromodulation
British mathematician and writer (born 1945)
Pietro-Luciano; Collins, James J. (1999). "Symmetry in locomotor central pattern generators and animal gaits". Nature. 401 (6754): 693–5. Bibcode:1999Natur
Ian_Stewart_(mathematician)
developed one of the first ideas about central pattern generators in 1911. Brown recognized that the basic pattern of stepping can be produced by the spinal
History_of_neuroscience
Transient structure in animal development
that the patterning of the neural tube into rhombomeric segments may regulate spatial and temporal appearance of the central pattern generator. Rhombomeres
Rhombomere
muscles about the robot's joints to modulate stiffness while a central pattern generator (CPG) controls the robot's locomotion. Other models of the neural
Neural control of limb stiffness
Neural_control_of_limb_stiffness
Treadmill and virtual reality peripheral
because locomotion is largely autonomous, being controlled by a Central pattern generator. The ROVR, therefore, does not rely on the exact recreation of
Wizdish_ROVR
Multiple ways for multi-joint objects to realize a movement
remain relevant in motor control and spinal cord reflexes and central pattern generators are still a topic of study. Although Lashley (1933) first formulated
Degrees_of_freedom_problem
Computational neuroscience model
two neurons in a neural circuit to create a half- center oscillator pattern generator without changing the other neurons in the circuit. While these additions
Synthetic_nervous_system
German-American neurobiologist (born 1958)
Zupanc, G.K.H. (2020). "Development of a sexual dimorphism in a central pattern generator driving a rhythmic behavior: the role of glia-mediated potassium
Günther_K.H._Zupanc
Branch of mathematical biology
(higher dimension of oculomotor control) Cyclic attractors – central pattern generators Chaotic attractors – recognition of odors and chaos is often mistaken
Dynamical_neuroscience
Type of recurrent dynamical network
head direction. Cyclic attractors are instrumental in modelling central pattern generators, neurons that govern oscillatory activity in animals such as chewing
Attractor_network
Combined field of scientific study
systems. Locomotion control has been mimicked using models or central pattern generators, clumps of neurons capable of driving repetitive behavior, to
Neurorobotics
Test signal in television broadcasting
generator". "Grundig 72010-016.80 TV Service manual PDF View/Download, Page # 30". all-guidesbox.com. "Combined colour/monochrome pattern generator PM
Test_card
Population of nervous system cells involved in a particular neural computation
These include both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Central pattern generators that reside in the spinal cord are more complex ensembles for
Neuronal_ensemble
The following is a partial list of the "A" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
List_of_MeSH_codes_(A08)
Nasal inhalation to sample odors
interrelatedness of the respiratory brain stem structures with other central pattern generators responsible for governing some other active sampling behaviors
Sniffing_(behavior)
Process for physiological experiments
duration of the experiment. Marder, Eve; Bucher, Dirk (2001). "Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements". Current Biology. 11 (23):
Fictive_behavior
connections with motor neurons and premotor interneurons, including central pattern generators. But how exactly descending signals are integrated in circuits
Descending_neuron
American neuroscientist
PMID 8757786. Bucher, Dirk; Marder, Eve (November 27, 2001). "Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements". Current Biology. 11 (23):
Eve_Marder
Aspect of philosophy
individual neurons and polyrhythmic bursting patterns discovered in multifunctional central pattern generators governing vital locomotor behaviors of animals
Post-contemporary
Discipline in biomedical engineering
the brain encodes thoughts, inputs, and outputs in the form of central pattern generators (CPGs), movement vectors, the cerebellar internal model, and somatotopic
Neural_engineering
Approach to understanding the human brain
formulating the brain as a running internal model that controls central pattern generators in order to maintain allostasis. This theory argues that the computational
Network_neuroscience
Moroccan Swedish neuroscientist
also demonstrated that motor neurons play active roles within central pattern generators (CPGs)—the neural networks responsible for rhythmic movements
Abdel_El_Manira
Scottish mountaineer and physiologist (1882–1965)
movement. His theory reflects today's widely accepted concept of central pattern generators in motor neurons. However, at the time, his views opposed those
Thomas_Graham_Brown
Sound indicating an incoming call
(typically) −48 VDC loop supply. This signal is produced by a ringing generator at the central office. When the switching system directs a call to a particular
Ringing_(telephony)
Independent source of backup electricity
of normal power supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator, batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed
Emergency_power_system
Hand-cranked electrical generator
A telephone magneto is a hand-cranked electrical generator that uses permanent magnets to produce alternating current from a rotating armature. In early
Telephone_magneto
Electronic analogue television test card
Rohde & Schwarz SGPF-B3 (the Grundig VG 1001 test signal generator has a different pattern design, but is sometimes indicated as "FuBk" because it features
Telefunken_FuBK
Type of random number generator
non-physical true random number generator (NPTRNG), also known as a non-physical nondeterministic random bit generator, is a generator of unpredictable random
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Use of searchlights during World War II
(24 in) diameter parabolic glass reflector and was powered by an 8 kilowatt generator. The lamp output was rated at 135 million candelas, and it had a detection
German searchlights of World War II
German_searchlights_of_World_War_II
Region of the brain which controls coughing
respiratory networks. In particular, the pre-Bötzinger complex may act as a pattern generator for the cough response. Parts of the caudal medullary raphe nucleus
Cough_center
Swimming technique of multi-legged animals
"Perspective— Evolutionary Aspects of Motor Control and Coordination: The Central Pattern Generators in the Crustacean Stomatogastric and Swimmeret Systems", Structure
Metachronal_swimming
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
ultraviolet (EUV) light from a laser-pulsed tin (Sn) plasma to create intricate patterns on semiconductor substrates. As of 2025[update], ASML Holding is the only
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
the generator is called, and yields the next item. Generators do not have to be infinite like the prime-number example above. When a generator terminates
Python_syntax_and_semantics
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central)
English (mainly central) : topographic name for someone who lived where holly trees grew, from Middle English holi(n)s, plural of holin, holi(e) (Old English hole(g)n).
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern)
English (eastern) : variant of Raymond.
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern England)
English (eastern England) : variant of Beaton.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Traditional
Central
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Matter.English : probably a metonymic occupational name for a mattress maker or seller, from Middle English, Old French materas, or less likely for a maker of crossbow bolts, spears, and lances, from the Middle English homonym materas.Dutch : variant of Matter 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker or seller of hats, Middle English hatter(e).
Surname or Lastname
English (southeastern and central)
English (southeastern and central) : topographic name for someone who lived by some oak trees, from misdivision of Middle English atten okes ‘at the oaks’ (see Nock).
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern counties)
English (eastern counties) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English, northern Irish, and Scottish
English, northern Irish, and Scottish : from a pet form of the personal name Pate.The American general George Patton (1885–1945) was born in San Gabriel, CA, into a family with a long military tradition. His earliest American ancestor, Robert Patton, had emigrated from Scotland to VA c.1770.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Central; Centre of Body; An Ancient King
Girl/Female
German, Latin
Pattern
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish : variant of Hanley.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : variant of Pastor 2.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : occupational name from Polish pasterz ‘shepherd’.English : generally a variant of Pastor, but possibly in some cases an occupational name for a baker, from an agent derivative of Old French paste ‘paste or dough’.
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Petros, PETTERI means "rock, stone."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Central
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Latin
From the Warrior's Town
Male
Swedish
Norwegian and Swedish form of Greek Petros, PETTER means "rock, stone."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Central
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of clogs, from Middle English paten ‘clog’ (Old French patin).English : variant spelling of Patton.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central England)
English (mainly central England) : patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Thomas.
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
Girl/Female
Greek English Latin
From the coral of the sea.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lighting
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Eagle
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Legend
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, French, German, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Fortunate; Lucky; Living for Century
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Part of Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, German, Hebrew
God has been Gracious
Girl/Female
Norse
Mother of Thor.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Princy | பà¯à®°à¯€à®¨à¯à®¸à¯€
Prince like
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French, German, Greek, Latin, Teutonic
Lioness; Loyal; Faithful; Form of Leona; Like a Lion; Dear; Brave
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
CENTRAL PATTERN-GENERATOR
imp. & p. p.
of Patter
a.
Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the belly, or ventral side, of an animal or of one of its parts; hemal; abdominal; as, the ventral fin of a fish; the ventral root of a spinal nerve; -- opposed to dorsal.
v. t.
To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.
n.
Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern of a machine.
n.
Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful pattern.
n.
A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the patter of little feet.
n.
A patten.
n.
The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.
n.
Alt. of Centrale
pl.
of Centrum
a.
Placed in the center or middle; central.
a.
Of or pertaining to potters.
imp. & p. p.
of Pattern
adv.
Toward the ventral side; on the ventral side; ventrally; -- opposed to dorsad.
n.
The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.
n.
Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.
v. t.
To spatter; to sprinkle.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Patter
adv.
In a central manner or situation.
n.
Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.