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Controversial South African airborne attack on a SWAPO military base
The Battle of Cassinga also known as the Cassinga Raid or Kassinga Massacre was a controversial South African airborne attack on a South West Africa People's
Battle_of_Cassinga
Commune and town in Huíla, Angola
Cassinga or Kassinga is a town and commune in the municipality of Jamba, province of Huíla, Angola. It is situated on an old and important two-track road
Cassinga
Iron mine in Huila, Angola
The Cassinga mine is a large iron mine located in south-western Angola in Huíla Province. Cassinga represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Angola
Cassinga_mine
1966–1990 war between South Africa and PLAN
two differing accounts of the Cassinga incident. While both concur that an airborne South African unit entered Cassinga on 4 May and that the paratroopers
South_African_Border_War
National public holiday in Namibia
Cassinga Day is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date "remembers those (approximately
Cassinga_Day
Fifth month in the Julian and Gregorian calendars
Day May 4 Anti-Bullying Day (United Nations) Bird Day (United States) Cassinga Day (Namibia) Death of Milan Rastislav Štefánik Day (Slovakia) Greenery
May
Day of the year
building. 1978 – The South African Defence Force attacks a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola, killing about 600 people. 1979 – Margaret Thatcher
May_4
Military units deployed via parachute
Organization (SWAPO) military base[citation needed] at the former town of Cassinga, Angola on 4 May 1978. Conducted as one of the three major actions of Operation
Airborne_forces
South African military officer (1932–2024)
1977 and was promoted to colonel. In 1978, he led the SADF air assault on Cassinga, and would later continue for long contest opposing versions of the event
Jan_Breytenbach
Province of Angola
Huíla was directly affected only during relatively short periods of time. Cassinga was abandoned by its European supervisors, and the mine fell into neglect
Huíla_Province
1978 South African military operation
is most known for — a controversial airborne assault by paratroopers on Cassinga, a refugee camp and SWAPO's regional headquarters, 260 km inside Angola
Operation_Reindeer
Namibian musician (1966–2025)
his musical skills and penning early songs such as Cassinga, which was dedicated to the Cassinga massacre of 1978. During his time in exile, Sheehama
Ras_Sheehama
that manages iron ore production in Angola. Formed in 1981 to manage the Cassinga mines in partnership with a private firm, mining operations was impeded
Ferrangol
Namibian politician (born 1955)
Windhoek from November 2012 to December 2014. She is a survivor of the Cassinga massacre of 4 May 1978. During her tenure as mayor of the City of Windhoek
Agnes_Kafula
South African Army officer and politician (1933–2020)
major airborne assault in South African military history, the Battle of Cassinga, a raid carried out against SWAPO insurgents. Despite his rank, Viljoen
Constand_Viljoen
Military unit
Breytenbach, following the disbandment of 1 SA Corps and the battle of Cassinga. Upon formation, the brigade was commanded by Brigadier M. J. du Plessis
44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa)
44_Parachute_Brigade_(South_Africa)
Namibian military commander (1932–2002)
but also a refugee camp. Cassinga was attacked by air on 4 May 1978 by the South African Defence Force in the Battle of Cassinga. Hamaambo barely escaped
Dimo_Hamaambo
Operation Mebos Part of the South African Border War Location Angola Cassinga Ongiva Xangongo Cuvelai Operation Mebos (Angola) Target Various places Date
Operation_Mebos
Paratroop unit of the South African Army
1966 to 1989. Their best known action was the controversial Battle of Cassinga in 1978. The unit's nickname "Parabat" is a portmanteau derived from the
1_Parachute_Battalion
Sunday 6 April – Easter Monday 1 May – International Workers' Day 4 May – Cassinga Day 14 May – Ascension Day 25 May – Africa Day 28 May – Genocide Remembrance
2026_in_Namibia
South African heliborne attack on a SWAPO military camp in the 1960s
16°5′11″E / 15.11750°S 16.08639°E / -15.11750; 16.08639 (SWAPO Base at Cassinga) Result South African victory Belligerents South Africa SWAPO Commanders
Battle_of_Ongulumbashe
Soviet medium tank, Second World War
saw combat in Angola against South African troops during the Battle of Cassinga. The tanks were based along with a company of Cuban mechanized infantry
T-34
President of Angola since 2017
28 June 2024. @hagegeingob (4 May 2018). "On the 40th anniversary of Cassinga Day, 4 May 2018 Namibia awards to H.E. João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço,
João_Lourenço
Hydroelectric power station in Angola
needed] Chibemba Humpata Humpata Bata-Bata Kaholo Neves Palanca Jamba Jamba Cassinga Dongo Lubango Arimba Hoque Huíla Lubango Quilemba Matala Capelongo (Capelungo)
Matala Hydroelectric Power Station
Matala_Hydroelectric_Power_Station
Branch of the South African National Defence Force
Operation Location / Country Aircraft and Role Notes May 1978 Reindeer Cassinga, Angola Para-drop: 4x C-130, 5x C-160 Para extraction and support: 14x
South_African_Air_Force
variable Easter Monday 1 day after Easter Sunday 1 May Workers' Day 4 May Cassinga Day variable Ascension Day 39 days after Easter Sunday 25 May Africa Day
Public_holidays_in_Namibia
1961–1974 armed conflict in Southwestern Africa
Angola. However, contemporary reports about them guarding the iron mines of Cassinga were never confirmed. Finally, there were reports that a number of Rhodesian
Angolan_War_of_Independence
Infantry fighting vehicle
134–142, 190. ISBN 1-920169-00-8. McGill Alexander, Edward (July 2003). "The Cassinga Raid" (PDF). UNISA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2014
Ratel_IFV
Municipality in Namibe Province, Angola
the bay 12 km north of Moçâmedes, to serve the iron ore mine inland at Cassinga. Construction of the mine installations and a 300 km railway were commissioned
Moçâmedes
Monument commemorating fallen soldiers
Heroes' Acre Windhoek The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier contains soil from Cassinga and Oshatotwa from the Namibian War of Independence. New Zealand Tomb of
Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier
diamond mine Luele Diamond Mine Lulo diamond mine Luminas diamond mine Cassinga mine "Angola's Diamond Industry: Africa's 3rd largest diamond producer
List_of_mines_in_Angola
1575–1975 Portuguese possession in West Africa
the Lobito Mining Company, which developed an iron ore mine inland at Cassinga. The construction of the mine installations and a 300 km railway were commissioned
Portuguese_Angola
Namibian children raised in East Germany
offered academic education. In 1978 many wounded SWAPO guerrillas came from Cassinga to GDR for medical treatment. The GDR offered what was termed "Solidarity
GDR_Children_of_Namibia
Overview of the mining industry in Angola
organize production in Cassinga in Huíla Province. Production began to slow in 1974 as a result of technical problems at the Cassinga mine and stopped completely
Mining_industry_of_Angola
Royal Navy carrier-borne attack aircraft
bombardment operations. Buccaneers played a major role in the Battle of Cassinga in 1978, bombing armoured vehicles, including enemy tanks and to cover
Blackburn_Buccaneer
airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed
History_of_South_Africa
1976 Rhodesian raid into Mozambique
of majority rule, but did not define what he meant by this. Battle of Cassinga Operation Dingo Moorcraft, Paul L.; McLaughlin, Peter (April 2008) [1982]
Operation_Eland
the Somali advance.[citation needed] South African Border War Battle of Cassinga Lebanese Civil War Battle of Kaukaba 9 May Shaba II Battle of Kolwezi 18–22
List_of_battles_1901–2000
Explosive weapon with small submunitions
Edward McGill Alexander (July 2003). "Appendix A to Chapter 9 of the Cassinga Raid" (PDF). University of South Africa. Retrieved 27 September 2018. "Sri
Cluster_munition
Calendar year
leader Nur Muhammad Taraki. May 4 South African Border War: The Battle of Cassinga occurs in southern Angola. Communist activist Henri Curiel is murdered
1978
Direction of close air support
Bosboks) and ground-based FACs during the Border War including the Battle of Cassinga. During the Force Intervention Brigade operations in the Democratic Republic
Forward_air_control
Military unit
May 1978, the date on which the SADF attacked a SWAPO refugee camp in Cassinga. The Brigade uses the following equipment: BL 5.5 Ordnance QF 25 pounder
4_Artillery_Brigade_(Namibia)
National award
– via Twitter. @hagegeingob (4 May 2018). "On the 40th anniversary of Cassinga Day, 4 May 2018 Namibia awards to H.E. João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço,
Order_of_the_Welwitschia
1975–1991 operation in southwestern Africa
on a heavily populated SWAPO camps at Cassinga (Kassinga) and Chetequera. SADF intelligence believed Cassinga to be a PLAN (People's Liberation Army
Cuban_intervention_in_Angola
Town in Angola
the border. The central and northern systems would remain to be linked. Cassinga Railway stations in Angola Transport in Angola Railways Africa - ANGOLA-NAMIBIA
Chamutete
1979 Rhodesian Bush War Operation
Military History (3rd ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781848845220. Battle of Cassinga Operation Eland Air Rhodesia Flight 825
Operation_Vanity
Explorations of southern Africa by Boer settlers
Dorsland Trekkers Monument has been erected to commemorate the journey. At Cassinga there is a memorial obelisk, erected in 2003, commemorating those who died
Dorsland_Trek
South African light armoured car
(19 December 2014). Eagle strike!: the controversial airborne assault on Cassinga (2008 ed.). Manie Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-1909982307. Mitchell, James
Eland_armoured_car
South African Army officer (1934–2021)
Army Staff Operations GOC 101 Task Force 2 South African Infantry Battalion Conflicts Battle of Cassinga Awards Other work Author of the Unknown Force
Ian_Gleeson
Namibian politician
Angola to go into exile to fight for independence . She was stationed at Cassinga Refugee Camp, which was later attacked on 4 May 1978. She survived that
Erica_Shafudah
Reindeer in 1978, the SAAF carried out a controversial strike on a site in Cassinga which the South African authorities had identified as a regional PLAN headquarters;
Operation_Orange
Historic site in London, Ontario Canada
Mossammides, Angola West, Africa (1901–03); East Africa Syndicates (1903–4); and Cassinga Concessions, Angola (1905–8). Many of his souvenirs, especially weaponry
Eldon_House
1943 – World War II Battle of Cassel – 1677 – Franco-Dutch War Battle of Cassinga – 1978 – South African Border War Battle of Castillon – 1453 – Hundred
List of battles (alphabetical)
List_of_battles_(alphabetical)
mine Iron Baron, South Australia Iron Knob Gâra Djebilet mine Ouenza mine Cassinga mine Mbalam mine Nkout mine Nabeba mine Pigg's Peak mine Kalia mine Mount
List_of_iron_mines
Namibian politician and businesswoman (1961–2005)
People's Organization (SWAPO) in exile in 1978 and survived the Battle of Cassinga during the conflict with the South African Army. Kamaya was appointed to
Ella_Kamanya
Military unit
Operation Reindeer during which paratroopers attacked a separate target at Cassinga, some 300 km into Angola. After Operation Reindeer it was decided to establish
61_Mechanised_Battalion_Group
Coordinated missions, operations and projects
airborne attack on South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) base at Cassinga, Angola. Rekstok (1979) — South African attack on SWAPO bases in Angola
List_of_military_operations
link with Namibia. Cuvelai Ondjiva – provincial capital Dongo – junction Cassinga – iron ore Chamutete – branch terminus in far south Cuto (Unknown location)
Railway_stations_in_Angola
Friday 1 April - Easter Monday 1 May - International Workers' Day 4 May - Cassinga Day 9 May - Ascension Day 25 May - Africa Day 9 August - Heroes' Day 10
2024_in_Namibia
December 2008. For the future a connection from Oshikango to a point near Cassinga is planned on Angola's southern railway system. The Ondangwa-Oshikango
Rail_transport_in_Namibia
Military unit
large SWAPO base in Angola, successfully capturing it. (See Battle of Cassinga). Following the end of the Border War in 1989, the Brigade was scaled down
44 Parachute Regiment (South Africa)
44_Parachute_Regiment_(South_Africa)
Town and municipality in Huíla, Angola
comprises three communes as follows Jamba, the seat of the municipality Cassinga Dongo Jamba is served by the terminus of a short branch railway of the
Jamba,_Huíla
Railway line in Angola
2006 and 2015. The railway is expected to serve mines at Chamutete and Cassinga Trains portal Benguela railway History of rail transport in Angola Luanda
Moçâmedes_Railway
Bilateral relations
Press. ISBN 0-19-507942-6. OCLC 26502066. Gleijeses, Piero (2009). "From Cassinga to New York: The Struggle for the Independence of Namibia". In Onslow,
Angola–United States relations
Angola–United_States_relations
Military unit
active service during the Border War in South West Africa, notably at Cassinga in 1978. They flew over Angola and Namibia in the 1970s and 1980s, and
24_Squadron_SAAF
Military unit
1978, elements of this battalion took part in the parachute drop over Cassinga during Operation Reindeer. Companies from this battalion were based on
Bagaka_Regiment
Namibian politician (born 1955)
Namibia. Nuyoma-Amupewa was later involved in and survived the Battle of Cassinga. Following this, she would emigrate to the German Democratic Republic where
Emilia_Nuyoma-Amupewa
line was opened to traffic. Other sections were later built to Dongo and Cassinga before the line was completed to Menongue in 1961. A branch line was built
History of rail transport in Angola
History_of_rail_transport_in_Angola
Hounde greenstone belt Boromo greenstone belt Kilo-Moto Lufico - Cabinda Cassinga Barberton greenstone belt Pietersberg greenstone belt Kilimafedha greenstone
List_of_greenstone_belts
Road Natal Mounted Rifles Name: Bir Temrad Natal Mounted Rifles Name: Cassinga / Chetequera 3 Parachute Regiment Name: Messines 1918 Cape Town Highlanders
List of South African Battle Honours
List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours
Month of 1978
Namibian independence guerrilla organization. The first phase, the Battle of Cassinga, started as an airborne assault on SWAPO positions. Angola's government
May_1978
– Freedom Day (South Africa), Public holidays in South Africa. May 4 – Cassinga Day, Namibia. May 25 – Africa Day. July 17 – King Letsie III′s Birthday
2022_in_Southern_Africa
May 4 – The South African Defence Force launches an airborne attack on Cassinga in Angola during Operation Reindeer. 4 – Azanian People's Organisation
1978_in_South_Africa
Namibian military officer
they attached the SADF base in Katima Mulilo as a retaliation for the Cassinga Massacre. Between 1979 and 1981 he was an infantry detachment commander
Tomas_Hamunyela
Location / Country Aircraft and Role Area Coordinates Notes May 1978 Reindeer Cassinga, Angola Para-drop: 4x C-130, 5x C-160 Para extraction and support: 14x
History of the South African Air Force
History_of_the_South_African_Air_Force
needed] The T-34-85 tanks participated in Angola including the Battle of Cassinga where a Cuban mechanized battalion with T-34 tanks, and BTR-152 armoured
Tanks_of_Cuba
Namibian diplomat and politician
Ompundja in Oshana Region. As a refugee in 1978, she survived the Battle of Cassinga, a South African airborne attack on SWAPO across the border in Angola.
Monica_Nashandi
Sunday 21 April – Easter Monday 1 May – International Workers' Day 4 May – Cassinga Day 25 May – Africa Day 28 May – Genocide Remembrance Day 29 May – Ascension
2025_in_Namibia
Military unit
relieve 2 SAI from Battle Group Beaver. Operation Reindeer (1979), attack on Cassinga, Southern Angola, (1979–1980) Supply troops with 6 SAI through Madimbo
8 South African Infantry Battalion
8_South_African_Infantry_Battalion
Military unit
1978, Elements of this battalion took part in the parachute drop over Cassinga. Pitta, Robert (1993). South African Special Forces. Osprey Publishing
3_Parachute_Battalion
reported the virus. May 1 – Labour Day and International Workers' Day May 4: Cassinga Day, Namibia May 2 – People form lines four kilometers (2.49 miles) long
2020_in_Southern_Africa
Cabindan militias on 30 March 2020 to address the COVID-19 pandemic Battle of Cassinga (4 May 1978) (part of the South African Border War) South Africa SWAPO
List_of_wars_involving_Angola
United Nations resolution adopted in 1978
of Independence South African Border Wars South Africa under apartheid Cassinga Raid Text of the Resolution at undocs.org Works related to United Nations
United Nations Security Council Resolution 428
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_428
– Freedom Day (South Africa), Public holidays in South Africa. May 4 – Cassinga Day, Namibia. May 25 – Africa Day. July 17 – King Letsie III′s Birthday
2021_in_Southern_Africa
Month of 1978
carrying out revenge against the South African Defence Force (SADF) for the Cassinga Massacre of May 4, scored a direct hit on an SADF military barracks at
August_1978
Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto 2018 football season
(UTC+1) Lourenço 14' Report Referee: José Álvaro Estanilau Guedes, Rosário Cassinga Note: Neblú / Bobo, Dani, Guelor, M.Bile / Buá 81', Cirilo 46', Ibukun
2018 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season
2018_C.D._Primeiro_de_Agosto_season
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
King of the Family
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who has won the Lord masters Love
Girl/Female
Hindu
Born to wealthy parents, The mother of Kabir, To adjust
Girl/Female
Welsh
Legendary daughter of GanKy.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, French, Hindu, Indian
Lives Near the Church
Girl/Female
Hindu
Pichi
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Having Patients
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Telugu
Master of Elephant; Lord Ganesha
Boy/Male
Hindu
Biblical
ready; sure
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
CASSINGA
CASSINGA