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Situation of being confined to a space
Captivity, or being held captive, is a state wherein humans or other animals are confined to a particular space and prevented from leaving or moving freely
Captivity
Period in Jewish history during the 6th century BCE
The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile was the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah
Babylonian_captivity
Period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France (1309–1376)
referred to as the "Babylonian captivity" of the papacy (cf. Italian cattività avignonese, i.e. "Avignonese captivity"). The seven popes that reigned
Avignon_Papacy
2007 film
Captivity is a 2007 horror film directed by Roland Joffé, written by Larry Cohen and Joseph Tura, and starring Elisha Cuthbert and Daniel Gillies. Considered
Captivity_(film)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up captivity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Captivity is a state wherein humans or other animals are confined to a particular space and prevented
Captivity_(disambiguation)
Several species of sharks are kept in captivity in public aquaria. In home aquaria, size constraints mean that only the smallest sharks are typically
Sharks_in_captivity
Genre of propaganda literature
Captivity narratives are typically personal accounts of people who have been captured by an enemy, generally an enemy with a foreign culture. The best-known
Captivity_narrative
Belgian psychotherapist and author (born 1958)
Perel promoted the concept of "erotic intelligence" in her book Mating in Captivity: Unlocking Erotic Intelligence (2006), which has been translated into
Esther_Perel
Infraorder of marine mammals
in captivity for use in education, research and entertainment since the 19th century. Beluga whales were the first whales to be kept in captivity. Other
Cetacean
Ancient Israelites relocated by the Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Assyrian captivity, also called the Assyrian exile, is the period in the history of ancient Israel and Judah during which tens of thousands of Israelites
Assyrian_captivity
Orcas held in confinement
Dozens of orcas are held in captivity for breeding or performance purposes. The practice of capturing and displaying orcas in exhibitions began in the
Captive_orcas
Largest saltwater crocodile held in captivity
Lolong (died 10 February 2013) was the largest crocodile ever held in captivity. He was a saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) measured at 6.17 m
Lolong
Species of large cat
most popular of the world's charismatic megafauna. It has been kept in captivity since ancient times and has been trained to perform in circuses and other
Tiger
Animal being held by humans
Animal captivity is the confinement of domestic and wild animals. More specifically, animals that are held by humans and prevented from escaping are said
Captivity_(animal)
Abuse case in California
related news: California court sentences parents who kept their children in captivity On February 22, 2019, David and Louise each changed their not-guilty pleas
Turpin_case
Military term for a captive of the enemy
European states strove to exert increasing control over all stages of captivity, from the question of who would be attributed the status of prisoner of
Prisoner_of_war
2000 book by Neelesh Misra
173 Hours In Captivity: The Hijacking of IC 814 is a 2000 book (ISBN 81-7223-394-9) written by Neelesh Misra, a New Delhi-based correspondent of the Associated
173_Hours_in_Captivity
Genus of lizards known as bearded dragons
bearded dragon. The central bearded dragon is the most common species in captivity, as well as one of the most popular pet reptiles, with some smaller species
Pogona
Topics referred to by the same term
Babylonian captivity was the period in Jewish history during which the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon. Babylonian captivity may
Babylonian captivity (disambiguation)
Babylonian_captivity_(disambiguation)
Hostages taken into Gaza (2023–2026)
to Israel, who were killed on 7 October 2023 or in Hamas captivity. Three had escaped captivity, and were killed in a friendly fire incident by IDF troops
Gaza_war_hostage_crisis
Founding myth of the Jewish people
altered and expanded under the influence of the return from the Babylonian captivity in the sixth century BCE. Evidence from the Bible suggests that the Exodus
The_Exodus
Species of constricting snake
breed at 600 g (21 oz) or more, but in captivity are often not bred until they are 800 g (28 oz), although in captivity, some males have been known to begin
Ball_python
Informal group of large marine mammals
novel Moby-Dick. Small whales, such as belugas, are sometimes kept in captivity, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a
Whale
Informal group of reptiles
Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians or "worm lizards"), encompassing over
Lizard
Late Gothic tapestry from Southern Netherlands
The Unicorn in Captivity (also The Unicorn Rests in a Garden) is a late Gothic era tapestry. It was made in the Southern Netherlands between 1495 and
The_Unicorn_in_Captivity
Informal classification of marine mammals, closely related to whales and porpoises
most common dolphin species in captivity is the bottlenose dolphin, while there are also around 60 orcas in captivity. The name is originally from Greek
Dolphin
List of ships with the same or similar names
borne the name HMS Captivity. In both cases they were old ships that had been renamed after their conversion to prison ships: HMS Captivity was a former 64-gun
HMS_Captivity
16th-century theological treatise by Martin Luther
Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (Latin: De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae, praeludium Martini Lutheri, October 1520) was the second
On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
On_the_Babylonian_Captivity_of_the_Church
1988 novel by Australian writer Rodney Hall
Captivity Captive (1988) is a novel by Australian writer Rodney Hall. It was originally published by Farrar Straus and Giroux in US in 1988. This is Book
Captivity_Captive
2009 book by Gonsalves, Stansell and Howes
Out of Captivity, subtitled Surviving 1,967 Days in the Colombian Jungle, is a 2009 book written by Marc Gonsalves, Keith Stansell, and Thomas Howes with
Out_of_Captivity
1984 studio album by Roy Harper
Born in Captivity is the 12th studio album by English folk / rock singer-songwriter and guitarist Roy Harper. It was first released in 1984. Essentially
Born_in_Captivity
1933 novel by John Buchan
A Prince of the Captivity is a 1933 novel by the Scottish author John Buchan. The hero of the novel is Adam Melfort, who marries young to a beautiful
A_Prince_of_the_Captivity
Israeli taken hostage by Hamas
days in captivity as part of the January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire. Gonen reported that she was sexually assaulted multiple times during her captivity. Romi
Kidnapping_of_Romi_Gonen
2011 studio album by John Wetton
Raised in Captivity is the sixth and final solo album by English rock musician John Wetton. It was released on 1 July 2011. All tracks are written by
Raised_in_Captivity
2019 Canadian legislation
The Ending the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins Act (French: Loi visant à mettre fin à la captivité des baleines et des dauphins) is an act of the Parliament
Ending the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins Act
Ending_the_Captivity_of_Whales_and_Dolphins_Act
conditions for green iguana are inadequate, causing 70% of green iguanas in captivity to die within their first year of life. People purchase iguanas due to
Green_iguana_in_captivity
European theatre of the war. Approximately 14%, or 5 million, died in captivity; out of these, 3 million fatalities were Soviets POWs, and one million
Prisoners of war in World War II
Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II
Captivity and abuse of Elisabeth Fritzl
rapes resulted in the birth of seven children. Three children remained in captivity with their mother, one died shortly after birth and was cremated by Fritzl
Fritzl_case
American social media personality (born 2000)
discovered disturbing conditions in her home, where she lived in virtual captivity with her parents and 12 siblings, ranging from 2 to 29 years old (with
Jordan_Turpin
Elephants kept in a confined area
and 139 Asian elephants). Nearly one in three Asian elephants lives in captivity—about 15,000 in total—mostly in work camps, temples, and ecotourism sites
Captive_elephants
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Frogs in captivity" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2013) (Learn how
Frogs_in_captivity
Species of reptile
guarding eggs The tokay gecko feeds on insects and small vertebrates. In captivity, they usually feed on springtails, mealworms, cockroaches, crickets, grasshoppers
Tokay_gecko
Swedish melodic death metal band
albums Crossing the Rubicon (1997) Embrace the Mystery (2000) Three (2002) Captivity & Devourment (2015) Crossing the Rubicon (Revisited) (2016) "CHRISTOPHER
Armageddon_(Swedish_band)
Canadian actress (born 1982)
appeared in the lead role in the drama The Quiet (2005) and the horror Captivity (2007). This role, along with Are You Afraid of the Dark?, 24 series and
Elisha_Cuthbert
Oldest living aquarium fish
Steinhart Aquarium. She is known for being the oldest living fish in captivity as of 2023. Methuselah arrived at San Francisco's Steinhart Aquarium on
Methuselah_(lungfish)
Captive male orca (1981–2017)
that orcas in captivity suffer psychological damage and become unnaturally aggressive. Of the four fatal attacks by orcas in captivity, Tilikum was involved
Tilikum_(orca)
1952 WWII mystery novel by Michael Gilbert
Death in Captivity is a mystery novel by the British crime writer Michael Gilbert, first published in the United Kingdom in 1952 by Hodder and Stoughton
Death_in_Captivity
Novel by Francisco Núñez de Pineda y Bascuñán
Happy Captivity and Reason for the Prolonged Wars of the Kingdom of Chile (Cautiverio feliz y razón individual de las guerras dilatadas del reino de Chile)
Happy_Captivity
Species of bear
decidedly ursine teeth and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the giant panda's bamboo diet, though some will
Giant_panda
1786–1799 event in Mysore
The captivity of Nairs at Seringapatam was imposed on the Nairs of Malabar by Tipu Sultan, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1786 to 1799
Captivity of Nairs at Seringapatam
Captivity_of_Nairs_at_Seringapatam
1838–1847 painting by Eugène Delacroix
The Babylonian Captivity is an 1838–1847 painting by Eugène Delacroix for the ceiling of the Assemblée nationale's library in the Palais Bourbon in Paris
The Babylonian Captivity (painting)
The_Babylonian_Captivity_(painting)
American sitcom
Living in Captivity is an American sitcom that aired on Fox on Friday nights from September 11, 1998, to October 16, 1998. The series centered on the
Living_in_Captivity
Autobiographical book by Nadia Murad
The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity, and My Fight Against the Islamic State is an autobiographical book by Nadia Murad in which she describes how she
The_Last_Girl_(memoir)
Israeli soldier and former hostage
for 482 days. Her captivity and eventual release received widespread media attention in Israel and internationally. During her captivity, Berger intensified
Kidnapping_of_Agam_Berger
Aquarium for dolphins
a long lifespan in captivity. While trade in dolphins is internationally regulated, other aspects of keeping dolphins in captivity, such as the minimum
Dolphinarium
Episode in biblical history
The Philistine captivity of the Ark was an episode described in the biblical history of the Israelites, in which the Ark of the Covenant was in the possession
Philistine captivity of the Ark
Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark
Record lifespan in captive animals
This is a list of maximum recorded animal lifespans in captivity. Only animals from the classes of the Chordata phylum are included. On average, captive
List of maximum animal lifespans in captivity
List_of_maximum_animal_lifespans_in_captivity
1857 attack by Sioux on settlers in Spirit Lake, Iowa
Lake Massacre and Captivity of Miss Abbie Gardner, which was reprinted seven times in small editions. It was one of the last captivity narratives written
Spirit_Lake_Massacre
Israeli hostage taken by Hamas in 2023
Hamas video released in January 2024. On June 8, 2024, after 245 days in captivity, Argamani and three other hostages were rescued from Gaza in a joint operation
Noa_Argamani
Western lowland gorilla
lowland gorilla who lived in captivity at Longleat Safari Park, Wiltshire, UK. He was one of the longest lived gorillas in captivity. Nico and his partner Samba
Nico_(gorilla)
Second orca displayed in captivity (July–Oct. 1964)
captured off the coast of British Columbia, Canada in 1964 which survived in captivity for about three months, which allowed for some of the first close study
Moby_Doll
1940 novel by Nevil Shute
An Old Captivity is a novel by British author Nevil Shute. It was first published in the UK in 1940 by William Heinemann. The principal character is a
An_Old_Captivity
British military officer (1885–1966)
Captured as a prisoner of war by Imperial Germany in 1914, he was held in captivity for two years before appealing to Kaiser Wilhelm II for a visit to his
Robert_C._Campbell
Israeli former hostage (born 1983)
first Israeli hostage to come forward about being sexually assaulted in captivity. Amit Soussana was born on September 9, 1983. She was raised in Sderot
Amit_Soussana
Lithuanian television program
The Miss Captivity Pageant was a Lithuanian television program produced by Arūnas Valinskas that aired in 2002, the program was a beauty contest held
Miss_Captivity_Pageant
List of notable non-human apes
(1956–2017) was both the first gorilla born in captivity and, living to be 60, the oldest gorilla in captivity. She was born in the Columbus Zoo and lived
List_of_individual_apes
Israeli hostage of the Gaza War
Palestinian Islamic Jihad. During the ensuing Gaza war, he remained in captivity until 13 October 2025, when he was released as part of the Gaza peace
Kidnapping_of_Rom_Braslavski
Israeli hostage taken by Hamas in 2023
7, 2023. Or was released on October 13, 2025, after 738 days in Hamas captivity, as part of the third Gaza war ceasefire agreement. Or was born on February
Kidnapping_of_Avinatan_Or
Breaking Bad character
while maintaining a calm and polite demeanor, including holding Jesse in captivity and torturing him, and killing his ex‑girlfriend when he attempts to escape
Todd_Alquist
Animal protection legislation in California, US
beginning of orca captivity in 1961 there have been 156 orcas held in captivity. As of 2024, there are 55 orcas held in captivity around the world and
Orca_Welfare_and_Safety_Act
British-Israeli hostage taken by Hamas in 2023
following her abduction during the 7 October attacks on southern Israel. Her captivity and eventual release under a ceasefire deal received extensive international
Kidnapping_of_Emily_Damari
Species of bird
million blue and gold macaws living in captivity worldwide, one of the highest populations of any large parrot in captivity. The blue-and-yellow macaw was formally
Blue-and-yellow_macaw
Imprisonment of Christians (1784–1799)
The Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam (1784–1799) was a 15-year-long imprisonment of Mangalorean Catholics and other Christians at Seringapatam
Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam
Captivity_of_Mangalorean_Catholics_at_Seringapatam
Biblical figure; 19th monarch of the Kingdom of Judah
Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II in the 6th century BCE and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King Jehoiakim, and the grandson of King
Jeconiah
2023 abduction in southern Israel
the Nir Oz Attack by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. Yehoud was held in captivity for 482 days until she was released on January 30, 2025, as part of the
Arbel_Yehoud
Israeli former hostage
2025, as part of the 2025 Hamas–Israel agreement, after 491 days in captivity. During the massacre, his wife Lian and their daughters Noya and Yahel
Eli_Sharabi
Small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae
porpoise born in captivity) lived for 20 years in captivity, another for 15 years, while the third (mother of first born in captivity) is the world's oldest
Porpoise
1780s period in Mysore history
The captivity of Kodavas (Coorgis) at Seringapatam was the period of capture, deportation, and imprisonment of Kodava Takk speaking kodavas who rebelled
Captivity of Kodavas at Seringapatam
Captivity_of_Kodavas_at_Seringapatam
Russian and Israeli researcher (born 1986)
she was tortured and sexually abused by Kata'ib Hezbollah during her captivity. The Times reviewed her medical records and said they described extensive
Elizabeth_Tsurkov
their intelligence, trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size. As of April 2026, there are an estimated 53 - 55 orcas
List_of_captive_orcas
Subspecies of the giant panda
white pandas have been discovered, with Qi Zai being the only one in captivity. It differs from the more familiar nominate subspecies by its smaller
Qinling_panda
Oldest known elephant in captivity
her death on 5 February 2019 was believed to be the oldest elephant in captivity in Asia. She was also known as Gaja Raja Dakshayani and as "Dakshayanamma"
Chengalloor_Dakshayani
Abnormal behavior of birds in captivity has been found to occur among both domesticated and wild birds. Abnormal behavior can be defined in several ways
Abnormal behaviour of birds in captivity
Abnormal_behaviour_of_birds_in_captivity
Austrian kidnapping survivor (born 1988)
first six months of her captivity, Kampusch was not allowed to leave the chamber at any time, and for several years of her captivity, she was not allowed
Natascha_Kampusch
Poison dart frogs have been regularly maintained and bred in captivity since the 1970s. The International Zoo Yearbook reported in 1977 that Stuttgart
History of dendrobatid frogkeeping
History_of_dendrobatid_frogkeeping
Israeli taken hostage by Hamas
2025, after 738 days as a hostage, Kupershtein was released from Hamas captivity and returned to Israel. Kupershtein is the eldest of five siblings (3
Bar_Kupershtein
2023 abduction
published a video of Marciano in captivity. The video depicted Marciano identifying herself, four days into her captivity, and then reciting the names of
Kidnapping and killing of Noa Marciano
Kidnapping_and_killing_of_Noa_Marciano
2016 kidnapping hoax
covered. Papini was branded on her right shoulder during her purported captivity with the word EXODUS. When investigators questioned Sherri at a later
Sherri_Papini_kidnapping_hoax
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402
defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons
Bayezid_I
Sultan of Delhi in 1296
died around 1297, sometime subsequent to the fall of Multan, while in captivity in Hansi. Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1979). Advanced Study in the History of
Ruknuddin_Ibrahim
2020 Australian TV series or program
Loving Captivity is a 2020 Australian webseries written and created by Libby Butler and Lewis Mulholland. Ally, a 30-something single mum, agrees to isolate
Loving_Captivity
Subspecies of white rhinoceros
born in captivity in 1989. She is the mother of Fatu. Her mother was Nasima and her father was Sudan. Fatu, also a female, was born in captivity in 2000
Northern_white_rhinoceros
Largest living species of dolphin
due to greater public and scientific awareness and their display in captivity. Since then, orcas have been trained to perform in marine parks, a practice
Orca
Species of amphibian
many herpetologists, as well as many people keeping poison dart frogs in captivity, have not distinguished these, with all commonly being identified as "azureus"
Blue_poison_dart_frog
Israeli hostage taken by Hamas in 2023
media attention, not only because of the duration and harshness of her captivity but also due to her actions during that time. Albag emerged as a leader
Kidnapping_of_Liri_Albag
French soldier, statesman and diplomat (1493–1567)
lieutenant-general of the kingdom, while Montmorency tried to negotiate peace from his captivity. The king supported him in this from late 1558 and in April 1559 he would
Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency
Anne_de_Montmorency,_1st_Duke_of_Montmorency
King of England from 1189 to 1199
as six months, in England. Most of his reign was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending the French portions of the Angevin Empire. Though
Richard_I_of_England
Sexual stimulation of one's own genitals
Masturbation in non-human animals has been observed both in the wild and captivity. The word masturbation was introduced in the 18th century, based on the
Masturbation
Abduction during 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
to the room where she was being held just to stare at her. During her captivity, Schem was held in a room with her captor while his wife and children
Kidnapping_of_Mia_Schem
This is evidenced by Núñez de Pineda y Bascuñán in their work Happy Captivity: "Parecía un Lucifer en sus facciones, talle y traje, porque andaba sin
Machi_weye
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
Boy/Male
Biblical
That binds or takes away captivity.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The seat, alteration, or captivity of the Lord.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Returning captivity; seat of God.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Turning; or captivity; or seat; of God.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English, Old French hagard ‘wild’, ‘untamed’. This word was adopted into Middle English as a technical term in falconry to denote a hawk that had been captured and trained when already fully grown, rather than being reared in captivity; the surname may have developed as a metonymic occupational name for a falconer.Americanized form of Danish Ågård (see Agard).
Male
Hebrew
(×žÖ·×ªÖ¼Ö·× Ö°×™Ö¸×”) Hebrew name MATTANYAH means "gift of God." In the bible, this is the name of many characters; this was Zedekiah's name before the captivity; he changed it after becoming Judah's last king.
Boy/Male
Irish
Comes from the word faol “â€wolf.â€â€ The earliest record of the name seems to be for a follower of the warrior Fionn Mac Cool (read the legend) who was so loyal that he would have rescued Fionn from captivity, even from God himself.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Mattanyah, MATTANIAH means "gift of God." In the bible, this is the name of many characters; this was Zedekiah's name before the captivity; he changed it after becoming Judah's last king.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Sitting, or captivity, of the father'.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The Lord that converts; or recalls from captivity.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Captivity; old man; repose; oath.
Biblical
that binds or takes away captivity
Boy/Male
Irish
Comes from the word faol “â€wolf.â€â€ The earliest record of the name seems to be for a follower of the warrior Fionn Mac Cool (read the legend) who was so loyal that he would have rescued Fionn from captivity, even from God himself.
Girl/Female
Biblical Hebrew
Captivity; repose; oath.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The people sitting, or captivity of the people.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Conversion, captivity.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Captivity, conversion, old age.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The seat; or captivity of the Lord.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Overmuch captivity, or sitting.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Turning captivity.
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, Christian, Hebrew
A Saviour; Deliverer
Female
Hawaiian
 Hawaiian form of Norman French Emma, EMA means "entire, whole." Compare with other forms of Ema.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Gaelic, Irish
Noble; Strong; Hill; Similar to Brina and Breanna
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Iron
Girl/Female
Tamil
Male
English
Anglicized form of Greek Stephanos (Latin Stephanus), STEPHEN means "crown." In the bible, this is the name of one of the seven deacons of the church at Jerusalem who was stoned to death by the Jews.Â
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Hebrew
Beloved
Girl/Female
Muslim
Light
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Hindu
Leaf
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
CAPTIVITY
v. t.
To set free from restraint; to set at liberty; to release; to liberate, as from control; to give up; to free; to save; to rescue from evil actual or feared; -- often with from or out of; as, to deliver one from captivity, or from fear of death.
n.
Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.
v. t.
To free from the captivity of love.
n.
The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called Nisan.
n.
The act of delivering or freeing from restraint, captivity, peril, and the like; rescue; as, the deliverance of a captive.
a.
The state of being bound; condition of being under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion; involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity.
n.
To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.
n.
A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also Trinitarian.
n.
The state of being a captive or a prisoner.
n.
The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint.
v. t.
To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and the like.
n.
The council of, probably, 120 members among the Jews, first appointed after the return from the Babylonish captivity; -- called also the Great Synagogue, and sometimes, though erroneously, the Sanhedrin.
n.
A state of being under control; subjection of the will or affections; bondage.