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Artificial selection
Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of primarily domestic animals, in an attempt to achieve an animal
Breeding_back
Extinct subspecies of plains zebra from South Africa and Namibia
preserved specimens of the quagga. This type of selective breeding is called breeding back. The practice is controversial, since the resulting zebras
Quagga
Topics referred to by the same term
§ Lithium Breeding back, a breeding effort to re-assemble extinct breed genes Breeding pair, bonded animals who cooperate to produce offspring Breeding program
Breeding
Extinct subspecies of equines
described in historical sources, through a process of selective breeding called "breeding back" by advocates. The breeds that resulted included the Heck horse
Tarpan
Breeding for desired characteristics
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular
Selective_breeding
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
absence—often called a "throw-back".[citation needed] The idea that atavisms could be made to accumulate by selective breeding, or breeding back, led to breeds such
Atavism
German breed of cattle
brothers Heinz and Lutz Heck independently started their extensive breeding-back programmes. Their motivation was to rescue the aurochs from oblivion
Heck_cattle
Crossbreed dog type
this creates an F2 cockapoo, and there are many other combinations breeding back towards the original poodle or cocker spaniel breed.[citation needed]
Cockapoo
Horse breed
their attempt to breed back the tarpan. The Hecks believed they could recreate the extinct tarpan subspecies by back breeding living descendants. They
Heck_horse
Mating selected dogs for specific qualities
Dog breeding is the practice of mating selected dogs with the intention of maintaining or producing specific qualities and characteristics. When dogs reproduce
Dog_breeding
Preservation breeding is an attempt by many plant and animal breeders to preserve bloodlines of species, either of a rare breed, or of rare pedigrees within
Preservation_breeding
Science of changing the traits of plants
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. It is used to improve the quality of plant
Plant_breeding
German biologist (1894–1982)
who was director of the Berlin Zoological Garden, Heinz worked on two breeding back projects to recreate extinct species. The Heck horse aimed to recreate
Heinz_Heck
Process of re-creating an extinct organism
Back breeding is a form of selective breeding. As opposed to breeding animals for a trait to advance the species in selective breeding, back breeding
De-extinction
Project having the goal of breeding back the extinct cattle species of aurochs
The Uruz Project had the goal of breeding back the extinct aurochs (Bos p. primigenius). Uruz is the old Germanic word for aurochs. The Uruz Project was
Uruz_Project
1993 studio album by band Suffocation
Breeding the Spawn is the second studio album by American death metal band Suffocation, released in May 1993 through Roadrunner Records. It was the band's
Breeding_the_Spawn
Intentional breeding of wild organisms by humans
Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is a conservation strategy aimed at preserving endangered or threatened species by breeding them in
Captive_breeding
American contemporary R&B group
which later relocated to Atlanta, Georgia. The group consists of the five Breeding family brothers, Dustin Michael (b. October 8, 1987), Kelly Allen (b. February
B5_(group)
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention
Hybrid_(biology)
Human-selected breeding
Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of
Horse_breeding
Artificial selection of Fragaria
The breeding of strawberries started with the selection and cultivation of European strawberry species in western Europe in the 15th century while a similar
Breeding_of_strawberries
Attempt to breed a zebra resembling an extinct quagga
Project is an attempt by a group in South Africa to use selective breeding to achieve a breeding lineage of Burchell's zebra (Equus quagga burchellii) which
Quagga_Project
Extinct bison subspecies
Georgia Daniel Foidl, 2013, Over-purity as a danger for the Wisent?, The Breeding-back blog, Tauros Programme Zablotskaya, Lidia V.; Zablotsky, Mikhail A.;
Caucasian_wisent
Process inducing mutations in seeds
Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes in order to generate
Mutation_breeding
Selective breeding of Syrian hamsters
Syrian hamster breeding is selective breeding on Syrian hamsters. The practice of breeding requires an understanding of care for the Syrian hamster, knowledge
Syrian_hamster_breeding
Term used in dog breeding
purpose of conformation shows is to assist breeders in the selection of breeding stock by rewarding with championships the dogs which, through external
Fault_(breeding)
Techniques to change plant traits
Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture, particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to date
History_of_plant_breeding
Polish breed of horse
Konik population. However, World War II marked the end of Vetulani's "breeding back" project. Part of his stock was moved to Popielno, where they continued
Konik
Distinct, selectively bred animal species
cultivars of an animal species achieved through the process of selective breeding. When the lineage of a purebred animal is recorded, that animal is said
Purebred
Species of bird
wings, backs, and tails, and a bright rose colored patch on their white breast. Males and females exhibit marked sexual dimorphism. Breeding habitat
Rose-breasted_grosbeak
Dutch cattle-breeding project
aurochs in several aspects. The Tauros Programme is one of several breeding back attempts. This is based on the idea that original features of the aurochs
Tauros_Programme
German zoologist (1892–1983)
from various forms of the domestic animals whose ancestors they were "breeding back". They examined cave paintings and breeds across Europe for their idea
Lutz_Heck
Management of farm animals
includes day-to-day care, management, production, nutrition, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, starting with
Animal_husbandry
Species of passerine birds
Elder and William Shakespeare. The common starling has about 12 subspecies breeding in open habitats across its native range in temperate Europe and across
Common_starling
Species of bird
North America. Southern populations are generally sedentary, while those breeding in the far north (northern Norway, northwest Russia) migrate farther south
Great_black-backed_gull
Small hotel in Nairobi, Kenya
number of endangered Nubian giraffes, and operates a breeding programme to reintroduce breeding pairs back into the wild to secure the future of the subspecies
Giraffe_Manor
Native animals of West Virginia
help culture this. Just the same, today's "goldy" was developed from breeding-back to rainbow trout. As the case may be expected, these special fish are
Fauna_of_West_Virginia
Species of bird
The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) is a carnivorous passerine bird and member of the shrike family, Laniidae. Its breeding range stretches from Western
Red-backed_shrike
Breeding theories to produce better Thoroughbred racehorses
Thoroughbred breeding theories, or racehorse theories, are used by horse breeders in an attempt to arrange matings that produce progeny successful in horse
Thoroughbred breeding theories
Thoroughbred_breeding_theories
Critically Endangered Bird Breeding Centre in Haryana, India
The Jatayu and Sparrow Conservation Breeding Centre (JCBC) is the world's largest facility for the breeding and conservation of Indian vultures and the
Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore
Jatayu_Conservation_Breeding_Centre,_Pinjore
Animal with parents of differing breeds
In animal breeding, crossbreeds are crosses within a single species, while hybrids are crosses between different species. In plant breeding terminology
Crossbreed
Genus of Auk
are brightly colored during the breeding season. They shed the colorful outer parts of their bills after the breeding season, leaving a smaller and duller
Puffin
Nature reserve in the Czech Republic
aurochs (Bos primigenius) went extinct in 1627, Česká krajina picked breeding back cattle from the Dutch Tauros Programme. Tauros cattle are a crossbreed
Milovice_Nature_Reserve
Species of seabird
of the breeding season, the black plumage may have lost its shine or even taken on a slightly brown tinge. The legs are short and set well back on the
Atlantic_puffin
Shorebird found in the Americas
southern Canada to Mexico. It is seen year-round in the southern half of its breeding range; the subspecies C. v. ternominatus is resident in the West Indies
Killdeer
Fastest known animal and common bird of prey
"black-cheeked falcon" in Australia and the "duck hawk" in North America. The breeding range includes land regions from the Arctic tundra to the tropics. It can
Peregrine_falcon
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are polygynous
Bird
Family of large, long-legged birds
migrate at all. Cranes are solitary during the breeding season, occurring in pairs, but during the non-breeding season, most species are gregarious, forming
Crane_(bird)
Breed of duck
individual ducks in 1912–1914. Ioan Custura and colleagues in 2021 observed breeding birds at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Indian_Runner_duck
Species of owl
native to the Arctic regions of both North America and the Palearctic, breeding mostly on the tundra. It has a number of unique adaptations to its habitat
Snowy_owl
Passerine bird in the Australasian wren family
Wales. The male adopts a striking breeding plumage, with a black head, upperparts and tail, and a brightly coloured red back and brown wings. The female has
Red-backed_fairywren
Horse breed developed for racing
were crossbred with imported stallions of Arabian, Barb, and Turkoman breeding. All modern Thoroughbreds can trace their pedigrees to three stallions
Thoroughbred
Sexual fetish
Impregnation fetishism, commonly known as a breeding kink, is the experience of intense sexual attraction at the thought of being impregnated or impregnating
Impregnation_fetishism
Species of bird
It is migratory, ranging from mid-Alberta to North Carolina during the breeding season, and from just south of the Canada–United States border to Mexico
American_goldfinch
Species of eagle
and other high places to which they may return for several breeding years. Most breeding activities take place in the spring; they are monogamous and
Golden_eagle
Species of bird
Little information about the black-backed grosbeak's breeding phenology has been published. Evidence or proof of breeding such as adults with enlarged gonads
Black-backed_grosbeak
Species of bird
observed or reported breeding in Zambia, Botswana, and South Africa. In the 1990s, 6,700 to 11,000 breeding pairs in 23 to 25 breeding sites, were found
Great_white_pelican
Species of bird
behind the head and do not normally form an erect crest. Adult males in breeding plumage are easily distinguished, the body white with a variable salmon-pink
Common_merganser
Horse breed
disorders acknowledged by the industry that may affect horses of Friesian breeding: dwarfism, hydrocephalus, a tendency for aortic rupture, and megaesophagus
Friesian_horse
Large baleen whale species
humpback whales typically migrate between feeding areas towards the poles and breeding areas near the equator. Their diet consists mostly of krill and small fish
Humpback_whale
Species of rodent
being in breeding condition. It was not until the following year that numbers of individuals returned to their normal level for the area and breeding started
Oligoryzomys_longicaudatus
Species of insectivorous African mammal
winter night. The breeding season varies depending on location, but normally takes place during autumn or spring. In South Africa, breeding occurs in early
Aardwolf
Species of bird
species' range are vacated during the winter. The black-backed dwarf kingfisher is also a breeding visitor across much of the range in India, but its movements
Black-backed_dwarf_kingfisher
Species of bird
also less commonly known as brown-backed dark-eyed juncos. This is the most common subspecies group in the West, breeding in the Pacific Coast Ranges from
Dark-eyed_junco
Edible berries native to Northeast Asia
century, countries beyond New Zealand initiated independent kiwifruit breeding programmes, including China and Italy. As of 2023, China accounted for
Kiwifruit
Rare breed of Irish cow
roan, but most have a white stripe along the back. In 2020, there were 243 breeding females and 23 breeding males registered. The Droimeann is a small to
Droimeann
Subfamily of aquatic mammals
have a direct effect on their on land breeding activity. Their seasonal abundance trend correlates with their breeding period between the austral summer of
Sea_lion
Species of bird
its habitat in the Southeastern United States. In the breeding season, males tip their heads back and fluff up feathers to display and keep other males
Common_grackle
British breed of dog
shoulders and a relatively flat face with a protruding lower jaw. Selective breeding for appearance has led to the Bulldog's increased susceptibility to various
Bulldog
Colored varieties of Amur carp
purposes. There are many varieties of ornamental koi, originating from breeding that began in Niigata, Japan, in the early 19th century. Several varieties
Koi
Domesticated animal primarily used for transportation
at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries. An adult
Donkey
Species of bird in Eurasia
illegally killed each year during the autumn migration: mostly birds from breeding grounds in Finland and the Baltic area. According to France's League for
Ortolan_bunting
Genus of large water birds with a throat pouch
and bare facial skin of all pelicans become brightly coloured before the breeding season. The eight living pelican species have a patchy, seasonally-dependent
Pelican
Species of bird
ground where they would be vulnerable to accidents and predation, and non-breeding individuals may spend up to ten months in continuous flight. The common
Common_swift
Species of bird
particularly in the breeding season. Juveniles are duller, with the head sides, neck and underparts streaked brown and white, tan-splotched back and wing coverts
Green_heron
Species of bird
outside the breeding season. The rufous-backed thrush primarily feeds on fruit, at least in the non-breeding season. It forages on the ground and in trees
Rufous-backed_thrush
Species of bird
darker (almost black) beak. The green backed twinspot prefers its privacy in regards to breeding. Males in the breeding season will raise their heads, looking
Green-backed_twinspot
Horse stud farm in Queensland
Rewan Police Horse Breeding Station is a heritage-listed former horse stud farm at Rewan Road, Rewan, Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia.
Rewan Police Horse Breeding Station
Rewan_Police_Horse_Breeding_Station
Species of bird
The rufous-backed wren (Campylorhynchus capistratus) is a songbird of the family Troglodytidae. It is a resident breeding species from southwest Mexico
Rufous-backed_wren
Species of bird
commonly produce up to two to four fledglings depending on conditions. Breeding attempts may be compromised by poor weather, predators and anthropogenic
Cooper's_hawk
Species of bird
ventral plumage in males is associated with higher breeding success. In other populations, the breeding success of the male is related to the length of the
Barn_swallow
Species of bird
birds at the end of the breeding season (adults plus young), of which up to 350,000 are in Russia. The largest single breeding concentration is represented
Mute_swan
Cat breed having specific gene mutation
euthanasia, even at a relatively young age. Due to these welfare concerns, breeding of Scottish Fold cats is prohibited in several countries, and the breed
Scottish_Fold
Species of bird
large plover breeding in Arctic regions. It is a long-distance migrant, with a nearly worldwide coastal distribution when not breeding. The grey plover
Grey_plover
Nazi Germany eugenics program
were instructed to recruit young women with the potential to become good breeding partners for SS officers. While Lebensborn e.V. established facilities
Lebensborn
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
sire with a global influence on the breeding of Thoroughbreds and sport horses, with many show jumpers tracing back to him. The sire of Dark Ronald, Bay
Dark_Ronald
Species of bird
8 years, but captive birds can live up to 20 years. The mockingbird's breeding range is from the Maritime provinces of southern Canada, westwards to southern
Northern_mockingbird
Species of reptile
following autumn. This is thought to be the first case of tuatara successfully breeding in the wild on New Zealand's North Island in over 200 years. Relationships
Tuatara
Species of bird
the lower legs lighter in the breeding season. In breeding plumage, delicate ornamental feathers are borne on the back. Males and females are identical
Great_egret
Species of bird in North America
year-round in almost all parts of the United States and most of Mexico, with breeding grounds well into Canada as far north as northern Alberta. There are estimated
House_finch
Large flightless seabird endemic to Antarctica
Antarctic winter, emperor penguins trek 50–120 km (31–75 mi) over the ice to breeding colonies which can contain up to several thousand individuals. The female
Emperor_penguin
Type of bird of the heron family
long, filamentous feathers that seem to cascade down an egret's back during the breeding season (also called "egrets"). Several of the egrets have been
Egret
Urban forest in India
Lucknow city centre in the Uttar Pradesh state of India. It has a captive breeding and conservation center for the freshwater gharials (gavialis gangeticus)
Kukrail_Reserve_Forest
Bird that breeds in the Arctic and subarctic and migrates to the Antarctic
along a convoluted route from its northern breeding grounds to the Antarctic coast for the southern summer and back again about six months later. Recent studies
Arctic_tern
Extinct North American migratory pigeon
migrated in enormous flocks, constantly searching for food, shelter, and breeding grounds, and was once the most abundant bird in North America, numbering
Passenger_pigeon
Species of bird
lining. Two or three clutches of five or six eggs are laid throughout the breeding season, which commences in March in Britain and Ireland. The eggs are a
European_robin
Research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños
The Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) is a research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. It is the national biotechnology research
University of the Philippines Los Baños Institute of Plant Breeding
University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Baños_Institute_of_Plant_Breeding
Macropredatory species of Antarctic seal
attention of a pup, after getting back from a forage for food. Vocalization is thought to be important in breeding, since males are much more vocal around
Leopard_seal
Species of migratory aquatic bird
species. In breeding plumage, it has a black cap that extends below the eye, very pale grey cheeks and throat, a rusty red neck, dark grey back and flanks
Red-necked_grebe
Species of bird
species can range from 192 to 500 g (6+3⁄4 to 17+3⁄4 oz). This is a common breeding and resident bird in marsh environments, rivers, well-vegetated lakes and
Common_moorhen
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Reading.Dutch and German : variant of Redding 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Bredon in Worcestershire or from Breedon on the Hill in Leicestershire, both of which are named from an unattested Celtic word brez ‘hill’ + the tautologous addition of Old English dūn.Americanized form of German Breden.
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Balding.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Good-breeding
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight)
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight) : habitational name from a place on the Isle of Wight named Brading, from Old English brerd ‘hillside’ + -ingas ‘dwellers at’, i.e. ‘(settlement of) the dwellers on the hillside’.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Girl/Female
Muslim
Greeting
Girl/Female
Indian
Greeting
Boy/Male
Muslim
Good breeding
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Growth; Breeding
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the county seat of Berkshire, which gets its name from Old English Rēadingas ‘people of Rēad(a)’, a byname meaning ‘red’.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a clearing, an unattested Old English ryding.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Good Breeding; Decorum; Culture
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Reading.German and Dutch : patronymic from any of the Germanic personal names with the first element rÄd ‘counsel’, ‘advice’.
Boy/Male
Irish
Prince; smelly hair.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : derivative of Green.Americanized spelling of German Grüning, a variant of Groening.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Breezing
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of French Minot, written thus to preserve the final -t, which is pronounced in Canadian French.English
Altered spelling of French Minot, written thus to preserve the final -t, which is pronounced in Canadian French.English : variant of Minett.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Goddess Form Kali Ma
Boy/Male
Indian
Worshipers
Girl/Female
Indian
Knowing, Knowledgeable, Skilled in music or dance
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Word; Sound
Male
Dutch
, kingly, powerful; or, horn of the sun.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Fulfilment
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
A Slave Girl of Haroon Rashid had this Name
Girl/Female
Arabic
Bride; Doll
Girl/Female
Tamil
Attainment, Achievement, A bird
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
BREEDING BACK
n.
Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive reading.
n.
Descent; pedigree; extraction.
n.
A stock of breeding mares.
a.
Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
a. & adv.
Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding.
a.
Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner.
n.
Same as Reeding.
a.
Addicted to reading; as, a reading community.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Breed
a.
Producing or breeding worms.
n.
The act or process of generating or bearing.
n.
A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.
n.
The generation or breeding of vermin.
v. i.
To pass periodically from one region or climate to another for feeding or breeding; -- said of certain birds, fishes, and quadrupeds.
n.
Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society.
n.
The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as, farmers should pay attention to breeding.
n.
Nurture; education; formation of manners.
n.
The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the beading of a brand of whisky.
n.
A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.
n.
An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, the reading of a barometer.