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Algorithmic Qubits (AQ) are an application based benchmark of quantum computers. Introduced by IonQ in 2020, the goal was to define a "single number figure
Algorithmic_qubits
Basic unit of quantum information
distinguishing feature between qubits and classical bits is that multiple qubits can exhibit quantum entanglement; the qubit itself is an exhibition of quantum
Qubit
US information technology company
hardware, claiming other qubit technologies are just as promising. IonQ measures performance of their devices by Algorithmic qubits, a metric devised in 2020
IonQ
Algorithm in quantum information theory
Algorithmic cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment
Algorithmic_cooling
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
seven qubits. After IBM's implementation, two independent groups implemented Shor's algorithm using photonic qubits, emphasizing that multi-qubit entanglement
Shor's_algorithm
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
number of qubits Qubits that can be initialized to arbitrary values Quantum gates that are faster than decoherence time Universal gate set Qubits that can
Quantum_computing
Types of quantum information
which allow qubits to be in some ways more powerful than classical bits for some tasks. Qubits are used in quantum circuits and quantum algorithms composed
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Quantum search algorithm
related to the search algorithm. This separation usually prevents algorithmic optimizations, whereas conventional search algorithms often rely on such optimizations
Grover's_algorithm
Quantum algorithm
.} Another Hadamard transform is applied to each qubit which makes it so that for qubits where s i = 1 {\displaystyle s_{i}=1} , its state is converted
Bernstein–Vazirani_algorithm
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
two sets of qubits, referred to in this context as registers. The two registers contain n {\displaystyle n} and m {\displaystyle m} qubits, respectively
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Superconducting qubit implementation
superconducting qubits such as the transmon is an active area of research. The transmon design is similar to the first design of the charge qubit known as a
Transmon
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
Per Second (CLOPS) proposed by IBM and IonQ's Algorithmic Qubits. However, as opposed to considering qubit performance alone, rQOPS measures how capable
RQOPS
Basic circuit in quantum computing
the two qubits. This is called entanglement. Measuring one of the two qubits that make up this Bell state will result in that the other qubit logically
Quantum_logic_gate
Deterministic quantum algorithm
.} Next, we will have each qubit go through a Hadamard gate. The total transformation over all n {\displaystyle n} qubits can be expressed with the following
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
Quantum computing implementation
physical implementations of qubits, the quantum computer's equivalent of a traditional bit in a classic computer. Qubits refer to a two-state quantum
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
before. The circuit depth is linear in the number of qubits. The quantum Fourier transform on three qubits, F 8 {\displaystyle F_{8}} with n = 3 , N = 8 =
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
input qubits and terminates with a measurement. A quantum circuit consists of simple quantum gates, each of which acts on some finite number of qubits. Quantum
Quantum_algorithm
Quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
proposed the use of HHL algorithm to solve the resulting linear systems. The number of state register qubits in the quantum algorithm is the logarithm of
HHL_algorithm
Process in quantum computing
logical qubits into n physical qubits with code distance d is denoted by [ [ n , k , d ] ] {\displaystyle [[n,k,d]]} . Although this qubit-to-qubit encoding
Quantum_error_correction
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
algorithms can give estimates on depth p {\displaystyle p} and number of qubits required for quantum advantage. A study of QAOA and MaxCut algorithm shows
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
more qubits are added. To run an algorithm that only requires n < N qubits on an N-qubit machine, it could be beneficial to select a subset of qubits with
Quantum_volume
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
structure intakes input from one layer of qubits, and passes that input onto another layer of qubits. This layer of qubits evaluates this information and passes
Quantum_neural_network
Networks connecting quantum processors
requires a quantum repeater to transport qubits over long distances. Repeaters appear in between end nodes. Since qubits cannot be copied (No-cloning theorem)
Quantum_network
Interdisciplinary research area
learning. QML algorithms use qubits and quantum operations to try to improve the space and time complexity of classical machine learning algorithms. Hybrid
Quantum_machine_learning
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
(storage and processing) and flying (messenger) qubits The ability to faithfully transmit flying qubits between specified locations DiVincenzo proposed
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Superconducting qubit implementation
specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal
Flux_qubit
India's first full stack quantum computer
generations of the quantum computer. They are Kaveri (64 qubits), Ganges (128 qubits), and Everest (1000 qubits). The primary hardware components of the QpiAI-Indus
QpiAI-Indus
Quantum algorithm for counting solutions to search problems
parts): the upper p {\displaystyle p} qubits comprise the first register, and the lower n {\displaystyle n} qubits are the second register. The initial
Quantum_counting_algorithm
Physical phenomenon
entangled Bell state of qubits and distributing to two different locations, performing a Bell measurement on one of the Bell state qubits, and manipulating
Quantum_teleportation
Experimental technology level
and 1,000 physical qubits, with leading systems from IBM, Google, and other companies pushing these boundaries. However, these qubits are inherently "noisy"
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Superconducting qubit implementation
hundreds, thousands, or millions of qubits necessary to create a quantum computer. Solid-state representations of qubits are much more easily scalable, but
Charge_qubit
Extra bits in computing paradigms
terms of ancilla qubits, that can be used for example in quantum error correction. One notable example for the use of ancilla qubits in quantum computing
Ancilla_bit
American quantum computing company
company's growth, including scaling its quantum processors from 80 qubits to 1,000 qubits by 2024, and to 4,000 by 2026. The SPAC deal closed on 2 March 2022
Rigetti_Computing
Quantum algorithm
2020, a 12-qubit simulation of a hydrogen chain (H12) was demonstrated using Google's Sycamore quantum processor. Quantum optimization algorithms Full authors:
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Computational complexity class of problems
quantum circuit C acting on n qubits with m gates, where m is a polynomial in n and each gate acts on one or two qubits, and two numbers α , β ∈ [ 0
BQP
Problem in computer science
computer. The quantum algorithm solving Simon's problem, usually called Simon's algorithm, served as the inspiration for Shor's algorithm. Both problems are
Simon's_problem
Computational benchmark
superconducting qubits. In early January 2018, Intel announced a similar hardware program. In October 2017, IBM demonstrated the simulation of 56 qubits on a classical
Quantum_supremacy
Quantum computing algorithm
to simulate classically. A variety of qubit magic state distillation routines and distillation routines for qubits with various advantages have been proposed
Magic_state_distillation
Quantum computing chip
twice as many qubits as Sycamore and improves upon T1 coherence time from Sycamore's 20 microseconds to 100 microseconds. Willow's 105 qubits have an average
Willow_processor
Computing company founded in 2014
This architecture supports all-to-all qubit connectivity, allowing entangled states to be created between all qubits, and enables a high fidelity of quantum
Quantinuum
Proposed quantum computer implementation
are called "hyperfine qubits") A ground state level and an excited level (these are called the "optical qubits") Hyperfine qubits are extremely long-lived
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Quantum error correction code
logical qubits encoded in a stabilizer code is determined by the size of the codespace, which is in turn determined by the number of physical qubits and the
Stabilizer_code
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
germanium. Spin qubits have also been implemented in other material systems, such as graphene. A more recent development is using silicon spin qubits, an approach
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
demonstrate a 48 logical qubit processor. To perform computation, the atoms are first trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Qubits are then encoded in the
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Australian quantum computing technology company
qubits can operate at temperatures above 1 kelvin, significantly higher than the operating temperatures typically required for superconducting qubits
Diraq
physical qubit numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of logical qubits or benchmarking
List_of_quantum_processors
Cloud quantum computing platform
set of two-qubit interactions available on the five-qubit quantum processor, expanding the simulator to custom topologies up to twenty qubits, and allowing
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Quantum Computing Division/Software
intermediate-scale qubits), resilient (reliable logical qubits), and scale (quantum supercomputers). In 2024, Microsoft applied a qubit virtualization system
Microsoft_Azure_Quantum
Information held in the state of a quantum system
messages have a finite size, measured in qubits; quantum channels have a finite channel capacity, measured in qubits per second. Quantum information, and
Quantum_information
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} qubits must be accounted for. Each of the states of the S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} qubits can be described by a two-dimensional
Quantum_complexity_theory
Quantum key distribution protocol
the states of the qubits. Also, after Bob has received the qubits, we know that Eve cannot be in possession of a copy of the qubits sent to Bob, by the
BB84
Type of error correction in quantum computing
protect a logical qubit from any arbitrary single qubit error. In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. With X {\displaystyle
Five-qubit error correcting code
Five-qubit_error_correcting_code
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
at scale, where a large number of fully entangled qubits are capable of running Shor's Algorithm against a modern classical problem (e.g. RSA-2048, utilizing
Post-quantum_cryptography
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
in quantum annealing architectures. Shor's algorithm requires a universal quantum computer. During the Qubits 2021 conference held by D-Wave, it was announced
Quantum_annealing
Type of superconducting quantum bit
operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits
Phase_qubit
Theorem of quantum circuits
elements can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer: Preparation of qubits in computational-basis states. Clifford gates (generated by the Hadamard
Gottesman–Knill_theorem
between two "logical" qubits each of which is encoded in N "physical qubits" by pairing up the physical qubits of each encoded qubit ("code block"), and
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
can engineer and control interactions among hundreds of quantum bits (qubits). Previous endeavors were unable to go beyond 30 quantum bits. The capability
Quantum_simulator
Involutive change of basis in linear algebra
log 2 N ⌉ {\displaystyle n=\lceil \log _{2}N\rceil } qubits. Importantly, neither ancilla qubits nor any quantum gates with multiple controls are needed
Hadamard_transform
Classification of quantum processors
generally include hundreds of logical (error-corrected) qubits, which would mean thousands of physical qubits at minimum. The transition from NISQ-era devices
Fault tolerant quantum computing
Fault_tolerant_quantum_computing
Topological quantum error correcting code
does not encode any logical qubit, which can be verified by counting qubits and stabilizers: There are 2n(n − 1) qubits (lattice edges), n2 − 1 independent
Surface_code
Forecasting rules for quantum computing
of qubits, as per Moore's law, is exponential by year. Because the size of the Hilbert space, vertical scale, is exponential in the number of qubits, it
Quantum computing scaling laws
Quantum_computing_scaling_laws
Mechanism in quantum computing
two qubits, the phase of the second (target) qubit is conditioned on the state of the first (control) qubit. Because the phase of the second qubit is being
Phase_kickback
Model of quantum computing
initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable
Quantum_circuit
Quantum computing company
superconductor circuit fabrication, fewer than 1152 qubits are functional and available for use; the exact number of qubits yielded will vary with each specific processor
D-Wave_Systems
Type of quantum computer
July 2024. "'Poor man's Majoranas' offer testbed for studying possible qubits". Physics World. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23. Aghaee, Morteza (19 Feb 2025)
Topological_quantum_computer
Quantum logic gate
between the two qubits is the complete description of the state of the two qubits; if we both choose the same basis to measure both qubits and compare notes
Controlled_NOT_gate
Code used in quantum error correction
introduced by Peter Shor in 1995. It encodes a single logical qubit into a system of nine physical qubits, allowing simultaneous correction of both bit-flip, phase-flip
Shor_code
a qubit array with more than 1,000 qubits: A 3,000-site atomic array based on a 2D configuration of optical tweezers holds up to 1,305 atomic qubits. 24
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Paradigm of quantum computer
scalable physical system with well characterized qubits, the ability to initialize the state of the qubits to a simple fiducial state, such as | 000 ⋯ ⟩
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Decomposition of a number into a product
the first time, by using NMR techniques on molecules that provide seven qubits. In order to talk about complexity classes such as P, NP, and co-NP, the
Integer_factorization
Australian quantum computing company
microscopes, an approach within the field of spin qubits. Distinct from other companies within the spin qubits modality, SQC uses the nuclear spin of phosphorus
Silicon_Quantum_Computing
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
string of qubits that perfectly correlates with what Bob measured in the opposite table. Her chance of generating a matching string of qubits will decrease
Quantum_cryptography
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
of qubits is limited by the internal coherence time of the physical qubits holding the information. "Quantum memory" beyond the given physical qubit storage
Quantum_memory
Two-bit quantum communication protocol
maximally entangled qubits, and allows Alice to transmit two bits (i.e., one of 00, 01, 10 or 11) to Bob by sending only one qubit. This protocol was first
Superdense_coding
Programming language for quantum algorithms
Qubits as topological qubits. The quantum simulator that is shipped with the Quantum Development Kit today is capable of processing up to 32 qubits on
Q_Sharp
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
information theory are source coding, channel coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic information theory, information-theoretic security, and
Theoretical_computer_science
Quantum Computing company in Boston, Massachusetts
logical qubits in 2026. The logical qubits were defined as having lower error rates than their constituent physical qubits. A cloud-based logical qubit simulator
QuEra_Computing_Inc.
Type of quantum information processing
classical) occur when multiple qubits are close to a tipping point. It is exactly at this point when the ground state (one set of qubit orientations) gets very
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
as distinguishable qubits. In this system we tend to consider the inter-atomic bonds as the source of interactions between qubits and exploit these spin-spin
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Model of computation
that the "one" clean qubit can be upgraded to "two" clean qubits, or even l o g ( n ) {\displaystyle log(n)} many clean qubits, without modifying the
One_clean_qubit
Quantum error correcting code
qubits into a single optical mode, the GKP code demonstrates greater hardware efficiency than traditional qubit codes. Instead of needing many qubits
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the Brassard–Høyer–Tapp (BHT) algorithm is a quantum algorithm that solves the collision problem. In this problem, one is given n
BHT_algorithm
Theorem in quantum information theory
and computation, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem says that if a set of single-qubit quantum gates generates a dense subgroup of SU(2), then that set can be
Solovay–Kitaev_theorem
Open-source software development kit
(quantum applications or algorithmic routines) on the IBM Quantum Platform to invoke as needed. This turns custom quantum algorithms into services, enabling
Qiskit
Computer simulation of chemical systems
is applied to the ancilla qubits, revealing the phase information that encodes the energy eigenvalues. The ancilla qubits are measured in the Z basis
Quantum computational chemistry
Quantum_computational_chemistry
quantum algorithms such as: Controlled-not with many target qubits, Hadamard operation on many qubits, Phase and controlled phase. Quantum algorithms for
Quantum_Computation_Language
Computer programming for quantum computers
# Put qubit `a` in a superposition cnot(a, b) # Entangle the two qubits in the Bell state m_a = measure(a) # Measure qubit `a`, collapsing qubit `b` as
Quantum_programming
Method of quantum computing
input qubits with a cluster of a {\displaystyle a} ancillary qubits, forming an overall source state of a + k = n {\displaystyle a+k=n} qubits, and then
One-way_quantum_computer
example, measuring qubits as early as possible can reduce the maximum number of simultaneously stored qubits; potentially enabling an algorithm to be run on
Deferred measurement principle
Deferred_measurement_principle
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
examples for qubits used in circuit QED are so called transmon qubits (more charge noise insensitive compared to the Cooper-pair box) and flux qubits (whose
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Remote quantum processors for computation
to a variety of quantum hardware modalities, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, and photonic systems. Major platforms such
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
disentangle and free their qubits. This automatic uncomputation (e.g. via an @auto_uncompute decorator) ensures efficient reuse of qubits without manual intervention
Qrisp
Quantum Computing company
qubits. Microsoft and Atom Computing announced in late 2024 that they had been collaborating on a commercial quantum computer that has logical qubits
Atom_Computing
Complexity class
and L 2 {\displaystyle L_{2}} , with respective postselection qubits and output qubits P 1 , P 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 {\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2},Q_{1},Q_{2}}
PostBQP
Problem in quantum information science
H_{j}} acts non-trivially on at most k {\displaystyle k} qubits instead of n {\displaystyle n} qubits. The local Hamiltonian simulation problem is important
Hamiltonian_simulation
Notion in network science of quantum information networks
where qubit A is entangled with qubit C and qubit B is entangled with qubit D. Performing a Bell measurement for qubits A and B, entangles qubits A and
Quantum_complex_network
Quantum algorithm in computer science
wish that our representation will have a straightforward encoding into qubits. Let Q n , k = { q ∈ { 1 , … , k − 1 } n + 1 ∣ q ( 1 ) = 1 , | q ( i ) −
Aharonov–Jones–Landau algorithm
Aharonov–Jones–Landau_algorithm
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
Shor introduced a quantum algorithm for prime factorization that, with a quantum computer containing 4,000 logical qubits, could potentially break widely
Quantum_information_science
Indian proposed quantum computer
computation of 6 qubits. It is expected to be built within the period of one year or few months. The mission has planned to establish 20-50 qubits quantum computer
India's_quantum_computer
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
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Guardtower.
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Devyashi | தேவà¯à®¯à®·à¯€
Divine blessings
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Kamakhya | காமாகà¯à®¯à®¾
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Abbreviation of Cassandra. Unheeded prophetess. In Homer's 'The Iliad' Cassandra's prediction of...
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Light, Angel
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Flower
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
ALGORITHMIC QUBITS
n.
Alt. of Algorithm
n.
The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.
n.
The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.