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Darwinian perspective that biological traits are evolved adaptations
flavors of adaptationism, and argues that all three are found in the evolutionary literature (see for explanation). Although adaptationism has always
Adaptationism
Evolutionary process
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment
Adaptation
Adaptation of a literary work into another work
Literary adaptation is the process of adapting a literary work (e.g. a novel, short story, poem) into another genre or medium, such as a film, stage play
Literary_adaptation
1979 scientific article
"explanatory adaptationism" as a response to some of the arguments made in the paper. Explanatory adaptationism argues that adaptation, though uncommon
The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm
The_Spandrels_of_San_Marco_and_the_Panglossian_Paradigm
2002 film by Spike Jonze
Adaptation (stylized as Adaptation.) is a 2002 American metafictional comedy-drama film directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman. It features
Adaptation_(film)
English actor
2014–2016 BBC TV series The Musketeers, Dolokhov in the 2016 BBC literary-adaptation miniseries War & Peace, Cormoran Strike in the BBC series Strike, Orson
Tom_Burke_(actor)
Films based on other media (books, plays, etc.)
A film adaptation transfers the details or story of an existing source text, such as a novel, into a feature film. This transfer can involve adapting most
Film_adaptation
Human ability to adjust to changes in illumination
Chromatic adaptation is the human visual system's ability to adjust to changes in illumination in order to preserve the appearance of object colors. It
Chromatic_adaptation
British actress (born 1981)
Sarah Hurst in Easy Virtue (2008) and as Catherine Earnshaw in ITV's adaptation of Wuthering Heights (2009). Riley was born in Grindon, County Durham
Charlotte_Riley
franchise developed by Eric Kripke, consisting of a live-action series adaptation, the web series Seven on 7, the animated anthology series The Boys Presents:
List_of_The_Boys_characters
American actor (born 1993)
role as Major Major Major Major in Catch-22, the George Clooney-led Hulu adaptation of the 1961 novel. He also starred in the thriller Them That Follow, and
Lewis_Pullman
Human male external reproductive organ
] These adaptations have occurred in order to release and retain sperm to the highest point of the vaginal tract. As a result, this adaptation also leaves
Human_penis
1928 novel by Erich Maria Remarque
British-American adaptation, a television film by Delbert Mann, won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award. The 2022 German adaptation, directed by Edward
All Quiet on the Western Front
All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front
1865 children's novel by Lewis Carroll
print and has been translated into 174 languages. Its legacy includes adaptations to screen, radio, visual art, ballet, opera, and musical theatre, as
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland
Evolutionary byproduct of some other characteristic
the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". Adaptationism is a point of view that sees most organismal traits as adaptive products
Spandrel_(biology)
1813 novel by Jane Austen
derivatives in modern literature. For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice
Pride_and_Prejudice
2021 science-fiction novel by Andy Weir
Gosling and Sandra Hüller, with Drew Goddard writing (his second Andy Weir adaptation) and Phil Lord and Christopher Miller directing. It was released to theaters
Project_Hail_Mary
2019 novel by Margaret Atwood
000 votes. Streaming service Hulu, which also produced the TV series adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale, announced in 2022 that it would also adapt The
The_Testaments
American actor and director (born 1950)
1996, Harris starred in and was executive producer for the television adaptation of Riders of the Purple Sage. That same year, he appeared in John Schlesinger's
Ed_Harris
English actor and writer (born 1956)
an English actor and writer. He began his acting career in the BBC TV adaptation of I, Claudius (1976), but is best known for portraying Joshamee Gibbs
Kevin_McNally
Psychological concept
The hedonic treadmill, also known as hedonic adaptation, is the conjecture that humans quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness (or sadness)
Hedonic_treadmill
Family of mostly succulent plants, adapted to dry environments
one of the driest places on Earth. Because of this, cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. For example, almost all cacti are succulents, meaning
Cactus
Organism response to some abiotic factors
Climatic adaptation refers to adaptations of an organism that are triggered due to the patterns of variation of abiotic factors that determine a specific
Climatic_adaptation
American actor and filmmaker (born 1971)
Allie Fox in the Apple TV+ adaptation of The Mosquito Coast (2021–2023), and Mr. House in the Amazon Prime Video adaptation of Fallout (2025–present).
Justin_Theroux
American actress (born 1958)
finally scored a major box-office hit as Sukie Ridgemont in the 1987 adaptation of John Updike's novel The Witches of Eastwick, with Jack Nicholson, Cher
Michelle_Pfeiffer
American musical drama film
its Adaptation. A television film sequel, titled Annie: A Royal Adventure!, was released in 1995. It was followed by three additional adaptations of the
Annie_(1982_film)
Episodes of Japanese anime series
Dragon Ball is the first of two anime adaptations of the Dragon Ball manga series by Akira Toriyama. Produced by Toei Animation, the anime series premiered
List_of_Dragon_Ball_episodes
2014 Canadian–American film
psychological thriller drama movie directed by Deborah Chow. It is the second adaptation of V. C. Andrews’ 1979 novel of the same name. A sequel, Petals on the
Flowers in the Attic (2014 film)
Flowers_in_the_Attic_(2014_film)
Japanese manga series by Naoko Takeuchi
special, and three short films based on the anime. A live-action television adaptation, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, aired from 2003 to 2004, and a second anime
Sailor_Moon
1954 novel by William Golding
Warner, they were in good health and spirits and had developed an orderly adaptation to their stranding. When writing about the Tongan event, the Dutch historian
Lord_of_the_Flies
Individual living life form
Revisited: A Framework for a Possible Synthesis between Developmentalism and Adaptationism?". The Monist. 100 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1093/monist/onx016. JSTOR 26370801
Organism
Irish actor (born 1953)
Yobbo Nowt at the Shaw Theatre. The following year he appeared in a stage adaptation of Lin Piao's History of the Tenth Struggle at the Institute of Contemporary
Colm_Meaney
American filmmaker (born 1946)
making films for Warner Bros. It began with The Color Purple (1985), an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, about a generation of
Steven_Spielberg
and Unusual Deaths Stupid Deaths, a recurring segment in the television adaptation of Horrible Histories List of association footballers who died while playing
Lists_of_unusual_deaths
1847 novel by Emily Brontë
morality, religion, and the class system. It has inspired an array of adaptations across several types of media. Opening In 1801, Mr Lockwood, the new
Wuthering_Heights
American actress (born 1985)
and co-starred with Meryl Streep in Mamma Mia!, a romantic comedy film adaptation of the 1999 musical of the same name. Mamma Mia!, which was Seyfried's
Amanda_Seyfried
French film producer (born 1972)
variety of different films including action films, romantic films, comic adaptations, biographical films and an animation.[citation needed] Silla was born
Virginie_Besson-Silla
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up adaptation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Adaptation, in biology, is the process or trait by which organisms or population better match their
Adaptation_(disambiguation)
Spanish actor (born 1969)
Inquisition. In 2007, Bardem acted in two film adaptations: the Coen brothers' No Country for Old Men, and the adaptation of the Colombian novel Love in the Time
Javier_Bardem
British actor (born 1953)
which ran from 1999 to 2001. In 1993 he appeared in the BBC miniseries adaptation of A Year in Provence, playing the annoying Tony, along with John Thaw
Alfred_Molina
Japanese anime television series
The anime has been very well received. The first episode of the anime adaptation earned a viewer rating of 12.4%, behind Pokémon and ahead of Ojamajo Doremi
One_Piece_(1999_TV_series)
Video game series
attacking or avoiding police and military forces working to stop it. A film adaptation was released in 2018. Humans have been undergoing strange mutations into
Rampage_(franchise)
American actor (born 1979)
role as Fielding in the BBC's two-part adaptation of Martin Amis' novel Money in the winter of 2009. The adaptation began airing on BBC Two on May 23, 2010
Vincent_Kartheiser
change. It can also give guidance for the best policies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from an economic perspective. There are many economic
Economic analysis of climate change
Economic_analysis_of_climate_change
1953 dystopian novel by Ray Bradbury
novel has been adapted into films, stage plays, and video games. Film adaptations of the novel include a 1966 film directed by François Truffaut starring
Fahrenheit_451
Fictional location
content and taking the concept into the mainstream. Parsons directed a film adaptation of his series produced by A24, which was released in May 2026. On May
The_Backrooms
1995 book by Daniel Dennett
deals with adaptationism, which Dennett endorses, calling Gould and Lewontin's "refutation" of it an illusion. Dennett thinks adaptationism is, in fact
Darwin's_Dangerous_Idea
Fantasy literature series by Brandon Sanderson
Mistborn has been a critical and commercial success, and has led to adaptations in other media, including tabletop gaming. It is part of Sanderson's
Mistborn
American independent media company
. In September 2023, Annapurna Animation announced an animated film adaptation of Annapurna Interactive's video game Stray was in development following
Annapurna_Pictures
1967 short story by Harlan Ellison
including a 1995 computer game co-authored by Ellison, a comic-book adaptation, and a BBC Radio 4 play. Ellison himself recorded an audiobook version
I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
I_Have_No_Mouth,_and_I_Must_Scream
Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, as well as The Twilight Saga film series adaptations. Isabella Marie "Bella" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is the fictional protagonist
List_of_Twilight_characters
2012 novel by John Green
player, amputee, and survivor of osteosarcoma. An American feature film adaptation of the same name as the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene
The_Fault_in_Our_Stars
Polygenic adaptation describes a process in which a population adapts through small changes in allele frequencies at hundreds or thousands of loci. Many
Polygenic_adaptation
Japanese manga series
An anime television series adaptation produced by Eight Bit aired from October 2022 to March 2023. An anime film adaptation based on the Episode Nagi spin-off
Blue_Lock
English actress (born 1985)
She made her film debut the following year in Joe Wright's 2005 film adaptation of the Jane Austen novel Pride & Prejudice, portraying Kitty Bennet alongside
Carey_Mulligan
Fantasy adventure television series
Matt Owens and Steven Maeda for Netflix. The series is a live-action adaptation of the 1997 Japanese manga series One Piece by Eiichiro Oda, who also
One_Piece_(2023_TV_series)
American author (born 1952)
romance, mystery, adventure and science fiction/fantasy. A television adaptation of the Outlander novels premiered on Starz in 2014. Gabaldon was born
Diana_Gabaldon
American author (born 1956)
directed and starred in the movie adaptation of Connelly's 1997 novel, Blood Work. In March 2011, the movie adaptation of Connelly's novel The Lincoln Lawyer
Michael_Connelly
1952 novel by John Steinbeck
Davalos plays Aron, Cal's twin brother. In 1981, ABC produced a miniseries adaptation of the novel. It aired in three installments and starred Karen Allen,
East_of_Eden_(novel)
The Adaptation Fund is an international fund that finances projects and programs aimed at helping developing countries to adapt to the harmful effects
The_Adaptation_Fund
British actor and filmmaker (born 1960)
greatest film actors. Branagh has directed and starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeare's plays, including Henry V (1989), Much Ado About
Kenneth_Branagh
2010 novel by Emma Donoghue
Trust Fiction Prize and the 2010 Governor General's Awards. The film adaptation, also titled Room, was released in October 2015, starring Brie Larson
Room_(novel)
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
001.1900014. ISSN 2471-2825. B. Carpenter; R. Hinden (April 1, 2011). Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6214
Internet_protocol_suite
British actor (born 1980)
about the life of Ian Curtis, as protagonist Sal Paradise in the 2012 adaptation of the Jack Kerouac novel On the Road, and as Diaval in the 2014 film
Sam_Riley
American television series
Walter Hauser Star, Michael R. Roskam Directs Dennis Lehane-Scripted Adaptation". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 22, 2025. Ekong, Uduak-Abasi (June
Black_Bird_(miniseries)
Young adult book series by Suzanne Collins
topped all US bestseller lists upon its release. By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, over 26 million copies of the
The_Hunger_Games
2023 American documentary series
"hugely entertaining", although it was accused of occasionally adopting adaptationism for its narrative. The series was nominated for International Green
Life_on_Our_Planet
American actress (born 1987)
American actress. She is known for playing Alice Cullen in the film adaptations of Stephenie Meyer's Twilight novels. Greene was born on February 21
Ashley_Greene
Video game series
Additional media has been developed for the franchise in the form of film adaptations and comics. BloodRayne (2002) : set in 1933 and 1938, just before World
BloodRayne
American actor and filmmaker (born 1966)
who visited Harry in the hospital. In 2005, Favreau directed the film adaptation of the children's book Zathura. It received positive reviews, but was
Jon_Favreau
2021 film by Denis Villeneuve
screenplay with Jon Spaihts and Eric Roth. It is the first of a two-part adaptation of the 1965 novel by Frank Herbert and the first installment in Legendary
Dune_(2021_film)
American actor (born 1961)
Heaven: The Series, and portrayed Jack Torrance in the TV miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining. He had a recurring role on iZombie as Vaughn
Steven_Weber
Welsh actor and singer (born 1979)
Furious 6, and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. Evans portrayed the vampire Dracula
Luke_Evans
Japanese light novel series and its adaptation(s)
the light novels and first manga adaptation are licensed in print by Square Enix. An anime television series adaptation produced by Toho Animation Studio
The_Apothecary_Diaries
English actor (born 1939)
major roles on television was as the title character in the BBC's 1966 adaptation of David Copperfield, which achieved 12 million viewers on its initial
Ian_McKellen
Link adaptation, comprising adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and others (such as Power Control), is a term used in wireless communications to denote
Link_adaptation
Scottish actor (born 1971)
Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar (1993). He then starred in the BBC adaptation of Scarlet and Black (also 1993) with Rachel Weisz and made his film debut
Ewan_McGregor
English actress (born 1988)
conspiracy thriller The Capture, and Estella in Mike Newell's 2012 film adaptation of Charles Dickens' 1861 novel Great Expectations. Grainger was born on
Holliday_Grainger
British actress (born 1935)
(1966). She also appeared as Queen Gertrude in Tony Richardson's 1969 film adaptation of Hamlet. More notable credits include: Mildred Layton in the 1984 ITV
Judy_Parfitt
British television series
audience of more than 6 million viewers. More than ten international adaptations of the programme have been produced. The first two series were broadcast
Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series)
Who_Do_You_Think_You_Are?_(British_TV_series)
American actress (born 1982)
sketch comedy Saturday Night Live. She also starred in Peter Segal's film adaptation of Mel Brooks' television series Get Smart, in which she played Agent
Anne_Hathaway
English writer (born 1960)
(2008) and The Ocean at the End of the Lane (2013). He co-created the TV adaptations of Good Omens and The Sandman. Gaiman's awards include Hugo, Nebula,
Neil_Gaiman
Adaptations of Emily Brontë's novel
This is a list of adaptations of Wuthering Heights, which was Emily Brontë's only novel. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell
Adaptations of Wuthering Heights
Adaptations_of_Wuthering_Heights
American television writer and producer (born 1965)
has also directed the 2006 film adaptation of Augusten Burroughs' memoir Running with Scissors, the 2010 film adaptation of Elizabeth Gilbert's memoir Eat
Ryan_Murphy_(producer)
American crime drama television series (1984–1990)
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. Mann directed a film adaptation, released in 2006. Another film adaptation, titled Miami Vice '85, was announced in 2025 to
Miami_Vice
Son of William Shakespeare (1585–1596)
film All Is True, Maggie O'Farrell's 2020 book Hamnet and its 2025 film adaptation, as well as the comedy drama series Upstart Crow (2016–2020). Little is
Hamnet_Shakespeare
Fictional character in the "Legally Blonde" franchise
icon". The character was portrayed by Reese Witherspoon in the 2001 film adaptation, which follows Woods' transformation from a sorority girl focused on a
Elle_Woods
Type of derivative work of art
An adaptation is a transfer of a work of art from one style, culture or medium to another. Some common examples are: Film adaptation, a story from another
Adaptation_(arts)
Japanese light novel series
After the anime adaptation aired in 2006, publishing company Kadokawa Shoten received offers for licensing the novels and their adaptations. The novels are
Haruhi_Suzumiya
Annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Western Front is the second adaptation of the 1929 novel after the 1930 English-language film, and the third adaptation of the same source material of
Academy Award for Best Picture
Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture
British actress (born 1970)
she played Marlee in the adaptation of John Grisham's legal thriller novel The Runaway Jury; and starred in the film adaptation of the romantic comedy-drama
Rachel_Weisz
Welsh actor (born 1974)
drama for television. He then landed a role in Titus, Julie Taymor's adaptation of Titus Andronicus, starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next
Matthew_Rhys
American writer and director (born 1970)
writing and directing its 2012 film adaptation. He also directed the drama Wonder (2017) and the 2021 film adaptation of Dear Evan Hansen. His first psychological
Stephen_Chbosky
Fictional character from the novel It
1990 TV miniseries adaptation, Emily Perkins portrayed her as a teenager and Annette O'Toole as an adult. In the 2017 film adaptation and its 2019 sequel
Beverly_Marsh
British actress (born 1983)
in the BBC drama Servants. She took the leading role in the 2007 ITV adaptation of Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey, and starred in Polly Stenham's That
Felicity_Jones
British actor (born 1946)
Jewel in the Crown (Granada Television, Christopher Morahan 1984), an adaptation of Paul Scott's novels that also made stars of Geraldine James and Art
Charles_Dance
English actor, comedian, and musician (born 1959)
BBC sketch comedy series A Bit of Fry & Laurie and the P. G. Wodehouse adaptation Jeeves and Wooster. From 1986 to 1989, Laurie appeared in three series
Hugh_Laurie
1998 British film
Four years later, Smart would star in Sparkhouse, a gender-reversed BBC adaptation of Wuthering Heights in which Smart played the Heathcliff role (renamed
Wuthering_Heights_(1998_film)
American actress (born 1952)
Nash Bridges, adult Beverly Marsh in the 1990 television mini-series adaptation of Stephen King's epic horror novel It, Lana Lang in Superman III, Kathy
Annette_O'Toole
2017 film by Bill Condon
a live-action/CGI remake of the 1991 Disney animated film, itself an adaptation of the fairy tale. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films
Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
Beauty_and_the_Beast_(2017_film)
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ansuman | அநà¯à®¸à¯à®®à®¾à®¨
The Sun, Lord Surya (Sun)
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
Heel; He who Supplants
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : nickname for an intelligent person, from Middle English, Old French raison ‘reasoning’, ‘intellectual faculty’ (Latin ratio, genitive rationis).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slave of the all embracing
Female
Russian
(Полина) Short form of Russian Apollinariya, POLINA means "of Apollo."
Male
Danish
, Jehovah's gift (or grace).
Girl/Female
Indian
Drawn up of God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Creator of the three worlds
Girl/Female
Hebrew American
Father rejoiced, or father's joy. Gives joy. The intelligent, beautiful Abigail was Old Testament...
Boy/Male
Hindu
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM