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Calendar year
Year 418 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Fidenas, Axilla and Mugillanus (or,
418_BC
Spartan victory against Argos, Athens and Mantinea
The first Battle of Mantinea was fought in 418 BC during the Peloponnesian War. In this battle, Sparta and its Peloponnesian allies defeated an allied
Battle_of_Mantinea_(418_BC)
War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)
and supported by Athens. The Argive alliance was defeated at Mantinea in 418 BC, restoring Spartan control over the Peloponnese. The third phase, the Sicilian
Peloponnesian_War
6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC). Carthage
List of state leaders in the 5th century BC
List_of_state_leaders_in_the_5th_century_BC
Decade
411 BC Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC) 418 BC Laches, Athenian aristocrat and general (b. c. 475 BC) 414 BC Lamachus
410s_BC
Roman senator and consul in 427 BC
Mugillanus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 427 BC, consular tribune in 422 BC and censor in 418 BC. Papirius belonged to the patrician Papiria gens
Lucius Papirius Mugillanus (consul 427 BC)
Lucius_Papirius_Mugillanus_(consul_427_BC)
Athenian aristocrat and general (c. 475–418 BCE)
Λάχης Μελανώπου Αἰξωνευς, romanized: Lachēs Melanōpou Aixōneus; c. 475 – 418 BCE) was an Athenian aristocrat (son of Melanopos) and general during the
Laches_(general)
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
421 by the Athenian general Nicias. The peace did not last, however. In 418 BC allied forces of Athens and Argos were defeated by Sparta at Mantinea. In
Ancient_Greece
One hundred years, from 500 BC to 401 BC
The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. This century saw the establishment of Pataliputra as a capital of
5th_century_BC
Army of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
Wars were not documented. Still, according to Thucydides, at Mantinea in 418 BC, there were seven lochoi present, each subdivided into four pentekostyes
Spartan_army
1943 World War II Battle of Mantinea (418 BC) – 418 BC – Peloponnesian War Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) – 362 BC Battle of Manzikert – 1071 – Byzantine–Seljuq
List of battles (alphabetical)
List_of_battles_(alphabetical)
City in Argolis, Greece
fell apart, however, after the allied loss at the Battle of Mantinea in 418 BC. This defeat, combined with the raiding of the Argolid by the Epidaurians
Argos,_Peloponnese
(204–181 BC). Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign from 315 to 290 BC, the Annals of the Four Masters from 443 to 418 BC. Dictionary
Ailill_Caisfiaclach
416 BC event of the Peloponnesian War
fighting Sparta. ★ After the Spartan victory in the Battle of Mantinea (418 BC), a temporary truce was agreed between Athens and Sparta. This freed up
Siege_of_Melos
5th-century BC Roman statesman and senator
419, 418 and 417 BC. He also served as master of the horse (magister equitum), or deputy, to the dictator Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas in 418 BC, when
Gaius_Servilius_Axilla
Topics referred to by the same term
an equitable principle in Anglo-American law Laches (general) (c. 475 – 418 BC), an Athenian aristocrat Laches (dialogue), a Socratic dialogue of Plato
Laches
the Warring States period (481 BC – 403 BC) and the Qin state (9th century BC – 221 BC) and dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC). Early Warring States period Qin
Timeline of the Warring States and the Qin dynasty
Timeline_of_the_Warring_States_and_the_Qin_dynasty
Military forces of Athens in Ancient Greece
Mantinea (418 BC) Sicilian Expedition Battle of Arginusae Battle of Aegospotami Battle of Lechaeum Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) Battle
Athenian_military
Period in Greek politics and culture covering the 5th century BC
moderate Athenian leader Nicias concluded the Peace of Nicias (421 BC). In 418 BC, however, hostility between Sparta and the Athenian ally Argos led to
Greece_in_the_5th_century_BC
Period of ancient Greece (510 to 323 BC)
moderate Athenian leader Nicias concluded the Peace of Nicias (421). In 418 BC, however, conflict between Sparta and the Athenian ally Argos led to a resumption
Classical_Greece
Ancient Greek kingdom in the southern Balkans
freed Macedonia from its obligations as an Athenian ally. Following the 418 BC Battle of Mantinea, the victorious Spartans formed an alliance with Argos
Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
Famous 4th century BCE Athenian general and mercenary commander
Greek: Ιφικράτης; c. 418 – c. 353 BC[citation needed]) was an Athenian general, who flourished in the earlier half of the 4th century BC. He is credited with
Iphicrates
Topics referred to by the same term
Mantinea (418 BC), victory of Sparta against an alliance of Argos and Athens Siege of Mantinea (385 BC), victory of Sparta Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), victory
Battle_of_Mantinea
p. 317) or more precisely: May 12, 1274 BC based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC. "Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
List_of_battles_before_301
City state in Ancient Greece
of 420 BC and defeated them in battle when they tried to participate anyway. The Eleans did not participate in the Battle of Mantinea in 418 BC, at which
Ancient_Elis
319–315 BC 463–443 BC Ailill Caisfiaclach 3rd–2nd century BC 315–290 BC 443–418 BC Adamair 290–285 BC 418–414 BC Eochaid Ailtlethan 285–274 BC 414–396 BC Fergus
List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland
Magistrates in ancient Sparta
(served in 431/0 BC). Leon: Became an ephor at an older age and was the founder of a Spartan colony and Olympic victor (served in 419/418 BC). Antalcidas:
Ephor
5th century BC Roman senator, dictator and general
(prior to 463 BC – 390 BC) was a political figure and military leader in the Roman Republic who served as dictator in 435 BC and in 418 BC. Servilius belonged
Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas
Quintus_Servilius_Priscus_Fidenas
Calendar year
Cardia, Greek general and scholar (d. 316 BC) Epaminondas of Thebes, Greek general and statesman (b. c. 418 BC) Duke Xian of Qin, ruler of the Zhou dynasty
362_BC
Calendar year
Year 421 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Barbatus (or
421_BC
Chinese Zhou dynasty state (c.1030 BC – 223 BC)
538 BC Lai (賴國) 512 BC Xu 479 BC Chen 445 BC Qi 447 BC Cai 431 BC Ju after 418 BC Pi About 348 BC Zou 334 BC Yue 249 BC Lu Early rulers Jilian (季連), married
Chu_(state)
Calendar year
Year 420 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cincinnatus and Medullinus (or, less
420_BC
425 BCE battle between Athens and Sparta, part of the Peloponnesian War
negotiate the Peace of Nicias in 421 BC. Thucydides says it was only with victory at the battle of Mantinea in 418 BC that Sparta "did away with all the
Battle_of_Sphacteria
5th-century BC Roman consul and military tribune
Roman politician during the 5th century BC, and was elected consul in 437 and 429 BC. In 433, 424, and 418 BC he was military tribune with consular power
Lucius_Sergius_Fidenas
League of city-states in ancient Greece
before being defeated at the Battle of Mantinea (418 BC). After the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC, Sparta, under king Agesilaus, took several opportunities
Arcadian_League
Comune in Lazio, Italy
the area of the modern comune of Monte Compatri. Labici was conquered in 418 BC by the Romans under the dictator Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas
Colonna,_Lazio
5th century BC Roman consul
Marcus Papirius Mugillanus was a consular tribune in 418 and 416 BC, and perhaps consul of the Roman Republic in 411. Papirius belonged to the Papiria
Marcus_Papirius_Mugillanus
Calendar year
"The Athenian Expedition to Melos in 416 B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 46 (4): 385–418. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4436483. Swift, Laura
416_BC
Fifth century BC Roman Republican consul
403 BC is numbered lustrum XVI and counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only sums to four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus
Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus (consul 409 BC)
Gnaeus_Cornelius_Cossus_(consul_409_BC)
Ancient Roman city in Italy
said to have joined the Aequi and the Volsci in 419 BC and to have been stormed by the Romans in 418 BC. After this, it does not appear in history, and in
Labici
beginning c. 1200 BC, and in Europe beginning in 793. It is taken to end with the beginning of Classical Antiquity, in about the 6th century BC, although in
List_of_Iron_Age_states
Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-5873-7. Frayne, Douglas (1997). Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC). University of Toronto
List of wars involving Iran (before 1979)
List_of_wars_involving_Iran_(before_1979)
Topics referred to by the same term
inactive United States Air Force unit 418 (number) 418, the year 418 (CDXVIII) of the Julian calendar 418 BC This disambiguation page lists articles
418th
423 BC. Illyrians & Lyncestians cause the Macedonians to flee and the Spartans to escape during the Peloponnesian War (Battle of Lyncestis) 418 BC. Artas
Illyrian_warfare
Overview of and topical guide to ancient Greece
Mantinea (418 BC) Battle of Olpae Sicilian Expedition Battle of Syme Battle of Cyzicus Battle of Aegospotami Corinthian War Battle of Coronea (394 BC) Battle
Outline_of_ancient_Greece
Municipal unit in Greece; ancient city in Arcadia, Greece
technology. The city was the place of the First Battle of Mantineia, in 418 BC, the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War. On one side were Sparta
Mantinea
(1301-1581)". History Studies: International Journal of History. 4 (3): 408–418. doi:10.9737/hist_572 (inactive 29 December 2025). Archived from the original
List of wars involving ancient and medieval Spain
List_of_wars_involving_ancient_and_medieval_Spain
states of the Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Greece and Greece between 3000 BC and the present day. It is not exhaustive. ( * ) The Greek Kingdom of Pergamon
List_of_wars_involving_Greece
Calendar year
tyrant of Heraclea Pontica (assassinated) (b. c. 401 BC) Iphicrates, Athenian general (b. c. 418 BC) Mausolus, King and Persian satrap of Caria Diodorus
353_BC
Ancient Roman family
419 to 417 BC. Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. Axilla, consul in 427 BC, consular tribune in 419, 418 and 417 BC, and magister equitum in 418. Publius Servilius
Servilia_gens
5th-century BC king of the Messapians
His friendship was similar to the Athenian alliance with Metapontion. In 418 BC, Artas renewed his old friendship with Athens at the time when Athens was
Artas_of_Messapia
Several ancient Greek artists
Ptolichus, flourished 480—448 BC Sostratus, flourished 450—418 BC Pantias, flourished 420—388 BC These dates are found to agree very well with all that we
Aristocles_(sculptors)
4th-century BC Roman politician and consular tribune
twice, in 435 and 418 BC, as well as holding the religious title of either augur or pontifex, which he held until his death in 390 BC. Servilius the younger
Quintus_Servilius_Fidenas
5th century BC Roman senator and consul
and the father of Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas, dictator in 435 and 418 BC. Diodorus Siculus gives him the paternal cognomen of "Structus", which was
Publius Servilius Priscus (consul 463 BC)
Publius_Servilius_Priscus_(consul_463_BC)
Ancient Italian town
Coriolanus and Attius Tullus Aufidius. The town was taken by the Romans in 418 BC under dictator Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas. Harry Thurston
Lavici
Siege battle, part of Caesar's civil war
Battle of Dyrrachium (or Dyrrhachium) took place from April to late July 48 BC near the city of Dyrrachium, modern day Durrës in what is now Albania. It
Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(48_BC)
Eurypontid king of Sparta from 427 to 400/399 BC
of the aspect of the victims. In the middle of the following summer of 418 BC the Epidaurians, being still hard-pressed by the Argives, the Lacedaemonians
Agis_II
Decade
Gong of Han, ruler of the State of Han 362 BC Epaminondas of Thebes, Greek general and statesman (b. c. 418 BC) Duke Xian of Qin, ruler of the Zhou dynasty
360s_BC
Decade
(assassinated) (b. c. 401 BC) Iphicrates, Athenian general (b. c. 418 BC) Mausolus, King and Persian satrap of Caria 350 BC Archytas, Greek philosopher
350s_BC
Late 5th-century BC Roman statesman and general
403 BC is numbered lustrum XVI and counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only gives us four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus
Lucius Valerius Potitus (consul 392 BC)
Lucius_Valerius_Potitus_(consul_392_BC)
Calendar year
of Crassus and Duillius (or, less frequently, year 418 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 336 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval
336_BC
Roman senator, consul in 430 BC
the consul of 430 BC, especially since Lucius Papirius Mugillanus, the other candidate for the position, was censor later, in 418 BC. This leaves Diodorus's
Gaius_Papirius_Crassus
Archaeological evidence dates human settlement in Toulouse to the 8th century BC. Its location was advantageous; the Garonne River bends westward toward the
History_of_Toulouse
423 BC. Illyrians & Lyncestians cause the Macedonians to flee and the Spartans to escape during the Peloponnesian War (Battle of Lyncestis). 418 BC. Artas
Timeline_of_Illyrian_history
According to Irish legend, a high king of Ireland
Ptolemy V Epiphanes in Egypt (204–181 BC). The chronology of the Annals of the Four Masters dates his reign to 418–414 BC, the chronology of Geoffrey Keating's
Adamair
Battle of Lysimachia Battle of Mantinea (207 BC) Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) Battle of Mantinea (418 BC) Battle of Marathon Battle of Megalopolis Battle
Index of ancient Greece-related articles
Index_of_ancient_Greece-related_articles
Calendar year
Year 419 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Lanatus, Rutilus, Tricipitinus and Axilla
419_BC
Calendar year
Year 415 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Vibulanus, Volusus and Cincinnatus
415_BC
Siege during the Sicilian Wars
around 454 BC, and retained enough local clout to command Phoenician, Greek and other Elymian cities to bring in gold to fool the Athenians in 418 BC. While
Siege_of_Segesta_(397_BC)
Roman consul in 436 BC
(443 BC) or would go on to hold it (418 BC) and the first and only known repeated censor is Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus (censor in 294 and 265 BC);
Lucius Papirius Crassus (consul 436 BC)
Lucius_Papirius_Crassus_(consul_436_BC)
BC – Political entities in the 6th century BC – Political entities by century This is a list of states or polities that existed in the 7th century BC
List of political entities in the 7th century BC
List_of_political_entities_in_the_7th_century_BC
American historian and writer (born 1948)
Classical Sparta, 478-446 B.C. (Yale University Press, 2019) Sparta's Second Attic War: The Grand Strategy of Classical Sparta, 446-418 B.C. (Yale University
Paul_A._Rahe
700–601 BC Alban war with Rome 685–668 BC Second Messenian War 669–668 BC Sparta–Argos War 600–265 BC Greek–Punic Wars 595–585 BC First Sacred War 560 BC Second
List_of_conflicts_in_Europe
Historical period in Belize, to 2000 BC
first Palaeoindians during 20000 BC – 11000 BC, and ended with the Maya development of ceramics during 2000 BC – 900 BC. During the pre-Columbian era, Belize
Preceramic_period_in_Belize
Putative archaic Roman executive magistracy
of consular tribunes held office throughout the fifth and fourth centuries BC during the so-called "Conflict of the Orders". The ancient historian Livy
Consular_tribune
Calendar year
Year 417 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Tricipitinus, Lanatus, Crassus (or Cicurinus)
417_BC
5th-century BC Roman Republican consul
counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only gives us four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus a missing lustrum XV. Additionally
Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (consul 421 BC)
Titus_Quinctius_Capitolinus_Barbatus_(consul_421_BC)
Ancient Greek city in Arcadia
the Athenians and their Peloponnesian allies advanced against the city in 418 BC, the Orchomenians dared not offer resistance, and surrendered the hostages
Orchomenus_(Arcadia)
Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC
Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been
Elam
BC – Political entities in the 7th century BC – Political entities by century This is a list of states or polities that existed in the 8th century BC
List of political entities in the 8th century BC
List_of_political_entities_in_the_8th_century_BC
Ancient military conflicts
therefore a good way to create difficulties for the Spartan colony of Taras. In 418 BC Artas renewed his old friendship with Athens at the time when Athens was
Iapygian–Tarentine_wars
attack on the Aequi and Volsci, and succeeded in dislodging them. In 419/418 BC, the Aequi and Labicani briefly occupied the city. Strabo, Geography, 5
Algidum
responsibilities as an erstwhile Athenian ally. After the Battle of Mantinea in 418 BC, Sparta and Argos formed a new alliance, which, alongside the threat of
History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
City in Boeotia, Greece
Epaminondas (c. 418–362 BC) general and statesman, commanded the Theban forces at the battles of Leuctra and Mantinea Aristides of Thebes (4th century BC), painter
Thebes,_Greece
Roman politician, son of Sulla
Faustus Cornelius Sulla (88 BC – 46 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. He was the son of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla. He spent most of
Faustus Cornelius Sulla (quaestor 54 BC)
Faustus_Cornelius_Sulla_(quaestor_54_BC)
3100 BC, with several times of fragmentation and foreign rule. The specific title of "pharaoh" (pr-ꜥꜣ) was not used until the New Kingdom, c. 1400 BC, but
List_of_pharaohs
5th century BC Roman Republican consular tribune
403 BC is numbered lustrum XVI and counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only gives us four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus
Quintus Quinctius Cincinnatus (consular tribune 415 BC)
Quintus_Quinctius_Cincinnatus_(consular_tribune_415_BC)
century BC – Political entities in the 10th century BC – Political entities by century This is a list of political entities in the 11th century BC (1100–1001
List of political entities in the 11th century BC
List_of_political_entities_in_the_11th_century_BC
Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14
63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until
Augustus
Political entities in the 11th century BC – Political entities in the 9th century BC – Political entities by century This is a list of states or polities
List of political entities in the 10th century BC
List_of_political_entities_in_the_10th_century_BC
Ancient city in Iran
162. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHarperAruzTalon1992 (help) Potts, 1999 & 418–419. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPotts1999418–419 (help) Daryaee, Touraj
Susa
Calendar year
year 545 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 209 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 545 BC for this
545_BC
Calendar year
Year 476 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rutilus and Structus (or, less frequently
476_BC
Calendar year
Year 127 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ravilla and Cinna (or, less frequently
127_BC
Calendar year
Year 475 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Republic, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Poplicola and Rutilus (or
475_BC
Political entities in the 7th century BC – Political entities in the 5th century BC – Political entities by century This is a list of sovereign states
List of political entities in the 6th century BC
List_of_political_entities_in_the_6th_century_BC
Athenian military expedition to Sicily during the Peloponnesian War (415–413 BC)
with Segesta; 458/457 BC, 434/433 BC and 418/417 BC are among the suggested dates. A treaty with Leontini was renewed in 433/432 BC, and thus originated
Sicilian_Expedition
Personification of victory in Greek mythology
60–63). Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.244–358 (pp. 62-73). Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.418–630 (pp. 77-91). Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.699–701 (pp. 96, 97). Hesiod, Theogony
Nike_(mythology)
Roman general and statesman (115–53 BC)
Marcus Licinius Crassus (/ˈkræsəs/; 115–53 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into
Marcus_Licinius_Crassus
Calendar year
Year 164 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Longinus (or, less frequently
164_BC
418 BC
418 BC
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant spelling of Schum.Chinese : (Pinyin Cen) this surname was derived from an area so named during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; possibly from a reduced form of the personal name Dominick.Chinese : from the name of Meng Mingshi, a senior minister of the state of Qin in the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). His descendants adopted the first character of his given name, which means ‘bright’, as their surname.
Boy/Male
German
Rules all. The historical Gothic king who plundered Rome in A.D. 410.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Wren.Dutch (de Ren) : origin unexplained.Variant spelling of German Renn.Swedish : soldier’s name, from ren ‘reindeer’.Chinese : from the name of Rencheng ‘Ren City’, which was granted to Yu Yang, the 25th son of the Emperor Huang Di (2697–2595 bc). Some of his descendants later adopted the place name as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : variant of Tang 2.Chinese : variant of Tang 3.Chinese : from a modification of the character Zhong (). In the Xia dynasty (2205–1766 bc), there existed a senior adviser whose name was Zhonggu. Much later, in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 ad), some descendants settled along a river that became known as the Tong Family river. As the Manchus moved southwards, some took up residence by this river and they too adopted Tong as their surname.Chinese : from Lao Tong, the ‘style name’ given to a son of Zhuan Xu, legendary emperor of the 26th century bc. Two of his sons became important advisers to the next emperor, Ku. Some descendants of Lao Tong adopted a character from his style name as their surname.Chinese : see also Dong.English : metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of tongs (Old English tang(e)), or a habitational name from one of the places named with this word (there are examples in Lancashire, Shropshire, and West Yorkshire), from their situation by a fork in a road or river, considered as resembling a pair of tongs.English : topographic name for someone who lived on a tongue of land, or a habitational name from a place named with this word (Old English tunge, Old Norse tunga), for example Tonge in Leicestershire.Dutch : from a short form of the personal name Antonius (see Anthony). It could also be from Dutch tong ‘tongue’ and hence a nickname for a chatterbox or scold, or possibly a shortening of Van Tongeren, a habitational name for someone from Tongeren in the province of Gelderland.
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : there are two sources for this character for Wen, which also means ‘warm’. One is a territory named Wen, and the other an area named Wenyi. Descendants of rulers of these areas adopted Wen as their surname.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘literature’. Its origin, however, is from the given name of an ancient personage called Wen.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘hear’. During the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), in the state of Lu there existed a man who has a supplementary name, Wenren. His descendants adopted the first character of his name, Wen, as their surname.English : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Pink.Chinese : there are two sources of this name, which also means ‘peace’. One is the name of a senior minister of the state of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), who was posthumously named Yan Pingzhong. The other source is a city called Ping in the state of Han during the Warring States period (403–221 bc). It was granted to a marquis whose descendants adopted the place name as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Babb. In the British Isles it is now most common in mid-Wales and in the border county of Shropshire, where it is recorded from the 16th century.William Bebb (1802–73), Governor of OH 1846–48, was a descendant of an immigrant from Montgomeryshire, Wales.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a tall person, from Old English lang, long, Old French long ‘long’, ‘tall’ (equivalent to Latin longus).Irish (Ulster (Armagh) and Munster) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Longáin (see Langan).Chinese : from the name of an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 bc). his descendants adopted this name as their surname. Additionally, a branch of the Liu clan (see Lau 1), descendants of Liu Lei, who supposedly had the ability to handle dragons, was granted the name Yu-Long (meaning roughly ‘resistor of dragons’) by the Xia emperor Kong Jia (1879–1849 bc). Some descendants later simplified Yu-Long to Long and adopted it as their surname.Chinese : there are two sources for this name. One was a place in the state of Lu in Shandong province during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). The other source is the Xiongnu nationality, a non-Han Chinese people.Chinese : variant of Lang.Cambodian : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the medieval French form of the Latin personal name Sabinus or its feminine form Sabina, originally an ethnic name for a member of an ancient Italic people of central Italy, whose name is of uncertain origin. According to legend, in the 8th century bc the Romans slaughtered the Sabine menfolk and carried off the women. More influential as far as name-giving is concerned was the existence of several Christian saints bearing this name. The masculine name was borne by at least ten early saints (martyrs and bishops), but as a given name the feminine form was always more popular.Jewish : probably also an Americanized form of some like-sounding Jewish name.
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : from the place name Pan, which existed in the state of Wei during the Zhou dynasty. Bi Gonggao, fifteenth son of the virtuous duke Wen Wang, was granted a state named Wei when the Zhou dynasty came to power in 1122 bc (see Feng 1). Bi Gonggao in turn granted the area called Pan to one of his sons, whose descendants eventually adopted Pan as their surname. This name is also Romanized as Poon, Pun, and Pon.Korean : There are two Chinese characters for this surname; only one of them, however, is common enough to warrant treatment here. There are three clans which use this character: the KisÅng (also called the KÅje), the Kwangju, and the Namp’yÅng. The founding ancestors of these clans were KoryÅ (918–1392) figures, and it is widely believed that they were related.Spanish and southern French (Occitan) : metonymic occupational name for a baker or a pantryman, from Spanish and Occitan pan ‘bread’ (Latin panis).English and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who cast pans, from Middle English, Middle Dutch panne ‘pan’.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish pan ‘lord’, ‘master’, ‘landowner’, hence a nickname for a haughty person.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling or translation of German Pfann (North German Pann).
Girl/Female
Hebrew
God has judged, or God is judge. The Old Testament Daniel was a 6th century BC prophet who...
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : variant of Wen 2.Chinese : from a character in the personal name of Hu Gongman, a retainer of Wu Wang. After the latter established the Zhou dynasty in 1122 bc, he granted the state of Chen to Hu Gongman, whose descendants adopted the second character of his given name, Man, as their surname. This character also means ‘Manchurian’, but the name does not appear to be related to this meaning.Chinese : variant of Wen 3.Chinese : variant of Wan 1.English and Jewish : variant spelling of Mann.Dutch : from Middle Dutch man ‘man’, ‘husband’, ‘vassal’, ‘arbiter’.French : from the Germanic personal name Manno (see Mann 2).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from the personal name Man, derived from Yiddish ‘man’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Maqqedah, MAKKEDAH means "place of shepherds." In the bible, this is the name of a place in Judah, near Beth Horon, mentioned in Joshua 15:41. Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Nye.Chinese : from the name of Nie City, which existed during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). It was granted to a son of a duke of the state of Qi; his descendants adopted the name of the city as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish
Jewish : from the Hebrew personal name Amos, of uncertain origin, in some traditions connected with the Hebrew verb amos ‘to carry’, and assigned the meaning ‘borne by God’. This was the name of a Biblical prophet of the 8th century bc, whose oracles are recorded in the Book of Amos. This was one of the Biblical names taken up by Puritans and Nonconformists in the 16th–17th centuries, too late to have had much influence on surname formation, except in Wales.English : variant of Amis, assimilated in spelling to the Biblical name. It occurs chiefly in southeastern England.
Female
Hebrew
(מַקֵּדָה) Hebrew name MAQQEDAH means "place of shepherds." In the bible, this is the name of a place in Judah, near Beth Horon, mentioned in Joshua 15:41. Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Bagby in North Yorkshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Baghebi, from the Old Norse personal name Baggi + Old Norse býr ‘farmstead’, ‘village’.Scottish : possibly from Begbie in East Lothian.James Bagby, a Scot, arrived in Jamestown, VA, in about 1628. One of his descendants, Arthur Pendleton Bagby (1794–1858), was governor of Alabama (1837–1841) and a U.S. senator (1841–48).
418 BC
418 BC
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Guidance of the Truth (Allah)
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Blessing; Fortune; Luck
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rushikesh
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Flashing; Shining; With a High Forehead
Boy/Male
Muslim
Beloved. Sweetheart.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Strong; Brave
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Cloud; A Disciple
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of the Sky
Male
Dutch
, gifts of Jehovah.
Male
Egyptian
, prob. a son of Ra-sebek-nefru.
418 BC
418 BC
418 BC
418 BC
418 BC
n.
A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.
n.
The principles of a political party in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the People's Charter.
n.
A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, // 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, // 18, 97, 191).
n.
A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eighteen leaves; hence; indicating more or less definitely a size of book, whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 18mo or 18¡, and called eighteenmo.
n.
The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18¡ below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.
n.
A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.
n.
Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February on account of the excess of the tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year, which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year. Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400.
n.
The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See Vendemiaire.
n.
A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36 1/2, at Hamburg 38 1/4.
n.
A long cannon of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with serpent-shaped handles.
n.
A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.
n.
An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16¡ or 18¡ broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac.
n.
A Greek Cynic philosopher (412?-323 B. C.) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings.
n.
A follower of John Cassianus, a French monk (died about 448), who modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by denying human merit, and maintaining the necessity of the Spirit's influence, while, on the other hand, he rejected the Augustinian doctrines of election, the inability of man to do good, and the certain perseverance of the saints.
n.
The ninth month of the French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire.
n.
A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.
n.
The tenth month of the French republican calendar dating from September 22, 1792. It began June 19, and ended July 18. See VendEmiaire.
n.
The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See Vendemiaire.
a.
At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc.