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Calendar year
Year 378 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Medullinus, Fidenas, Lanatus, Siculus
378_BC
4th-century BCE conflict between Thebes and Sparta
Theban–Spartan War of 378–362 BC was a series of military conflicts fought between Sparta and Thebes for hegemony over Greece. In 378 BC, led by General Epaminondas
Theban–Spartan_War
4th century BC Theban military commander, leader of the Sacred Band
first known Theban military leader of the Sacred Band of Thebes around 378 BC. Plutarch in his Life of Pelopidas mentions Gorgidas for the first time
Gorgidas
4th-century BC Theban gay military unit
force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC. It was first organised under commander Gorgidas in 378 BC and later Pelopidas, and played a crucial role
Sacred_Band_of_Thebes
Theban general and statesman (419/411–362 BC)
Spartans would invade Boeotia three times over the next few years (378 BC, 377 BC, ? possibly Leuctra). At first, the Thebans feared facing the Spartans
Epaminondas
Military alliance led by Sparta, c. 550 – 366 BC
Spartan leadership, the League defeated Athens and its allies in 404 BC. In 378, the League was reorganised in 10 military districts, while there had
Peloponnesian_League
Ancient Greek war (395–387 BC)
resentful Thebes resumed in 378 BC, which finally led to the destruction of Spartan hegemony at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. In the Peloponnesian War
Corinthian_War
Ruler of Qi between 356 BC and 320 BC
ruler of the Qi state, reigning from 356 BC to 320 BC, or according to another source from 378 BC to 343 BC. He was the first ruler of Qi to style himself
King_Wei_of_Qi
Chinese cash coin
Chinese history, first minted as early as 378 BC and introduced by the first emperor Qin Shi Huang around 210 BC (although coins with this inscription already
Banliang
Spartan domination of parts of Greece (404–371 BC)
conspiracy to liberate Thebes by killing the oligarchs. During the winter of 379/378 BC, a group of Theban exiles led by Pelopidas, Epaminondas, Melon, and other
Spartan_hegemony
Greek port town located in ancient Boeotia
developed into a fully independent polis, but belonged to ancient Thebes (378 BC) and Tanagra respectively. According to Homer's epic The Iliad, the Greek
Aulis_(ancient_Greece)
Defensive barrier around the ancient city of Rome
containing Grotta Oscura tuff is dated by Livy to have been completed in 378 BC. Along part of the topographically weaker Northern perimeter was an agger
Servian_Wall
p. 317) or more precisely: May 12, 1274 BC based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC. Bryce, Trevor (2005). The Kingdom of the
List_of_wars:_before_1000
4th-century BCE Athenian general
route. Athens soon joined the war on the Theban side and in the spring of 378 BC, King Agesilaos II of Sparta led an army of eighteen thousand Peloponnesians
Chabrias
Famous 4th century BCE Athenian general and mercenary commander
Cotys, with whom, however, he subsequently concluded an alliance. Around 378 BC, he was sent with a force of mercenaries to assist the Persians to reconquer
Iphicrates
5th century BC – State leaders in the 3rd century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 4th century BC (400–301 BC). Carthage
List of state leaders in the 4th century BC
List_of_state_leaders_in_the_4th_century_BC
Thebes' victory against Sparta in 371 BC
gained with its victory in the Peloponnesian War a generation earlier. In 378 BC, the newly established democracy of Thebes had elected four Boeotarchs,
Battle_of_Leuctra
period, around 200 years before the construction of the Servian Wall in 378 BC. It seems that the four original gates can be dated to the time of the enlargement
Porta_Viminale
4th-century BC maritime confederation of Aegean city-states
was a maritime confederation of Greek city-states that existed from 378 to 355 BC under the hegemony of Athens. It is sometimes referenced as the second
Second_Athenian_League
Decade
(1993). The Defense of Attica: The Dema Wall and the Boiotian War of 378-375 B.C. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520076853. An Illustrated
370s_BC
Treatise on ancient Spartan civilization by Xenophon
at c. 378 BC, about the time of the Second Athenian League in 375 BC. The chapters prior to that are dated to within the nine years before 378 BC, i.e
Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
Constitution_of_the_Lacedaemonians
Period of ancient Greece (510 to 323 BC)
Spartan attack was successful and Thebes was placed under Spartan control. In 378 BC, the reaction to Spartan control over Thebes was broken by a popular uprising
Classical_Greece
Series of wars in Magna Graecia (580–265 BC)
front war. Details of the first four years of campaigns are sketchy, but in 378 BC Dionysius defeated the Carthaginians in Sicily in the Battle of Cabala,
Sicilian_Wars
Municipality in the Italian region of Calabria
was taken in 388 BC by Dionysius the Elder tyrant of Syracuse, who deported all the population. The population came back in 378 BC, with the help of
Vibo_Valentia
Calendar year
Cornelius and Praetextatus (or, less frequently, year 378 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 376 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval
376_BC
Soldier who fights for hire
mercenaries most likely employed by the tyrant Dionysius I of Syracuse. In 378 BC the Persian Empire hired the Athenian general Iphicrates with his mercenaries
Mercenary
Calendar year
Year 380 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Poplicola, Poplicola, Maluginensis,
380_BC
King of the Sindis, 383 to c. 375 BC
Hecataeus and Tirgatao. He usurped the throne from his father some time in 378 BC after his failed war against Octamasades' mother, Tirgatao. The Greek name
Octamasades
District and municipality in Sakarya, Turkey
arrival of the Phrygians in the region in 1200 BC, but it was truly founded by the Kingdom of Bithynia in 378 BC. The name Siphonensis Lacus was first used
Sapanca
Spartan general (died 371 BC)
(Greek: Σφοδρίας) (d. 371 BC) was a Spartan general during the Spartan Hegemony over Greece. As governor of Thespiai in 378 BC, he made an unsuccessful
Sphodrias
4th-century BC Spartan general
arguing that that was the only standard by which he should be judged. In 378 BC, the Thebans tried to take Thespiae, but were beaten back by Phoebidas who
Phoebidas
broken when Dionysius defeated and killed Mago at the battle of Cabala in 378 BC (Mago was the last "suffet" to lead troops personally in battle. The Magonid
History_of_Carthage
Battle during the Boeotian War
troops in Boeotian territory in 378 B.C. A significant blow to Spartan hegemony occurred during the Battle of Leuctra in 371 B.C., where Epaminondas stacked
Battle_of_Mantinea_(362_BC)
District and municipality in Sakarya, Turkey
Adapazarı and the adjacent countryside. The history of Adapazarı dates back to 378 BC, when it was called Agrilion (Ἀγρίλιον in Greek). Ancient settlers included
Adapazarı
Calendar year
Year 381 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Camillus, Albinus, Albinus, Medullinus
381_BC
states of the Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Greece and Greece between 3000 BC and the present day. It is not exhaustive. ( * ) The Greek Kingdom of Pergamon
List_of_wars_involving_Greece
Ancient Roman family
Siculus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 378 BC. Quintus Cloelius Siculus, censor in 378 BC; war prevented the censors of this year from completing
Cloelia_gens
Ruler of the State of Han from 386 to 377 BC
(宋悼公) prisoner. In 380 BC, an alliance of Han, Zhao, and Wei attacked the Qi state, reaching Sangqiu. Two years later in 378 BC, the alliance attacked
Marquess_Wen_of_Han
Calendar year
Year 377 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercinus, Poplicola, Cicurinus, Rufus
377_BC
Topics referred to by the same term
inactive United States Air Force unit 378 (number) 378, the year 378 (CCCLXXVIII) of the Julian calendar 378 BC This disambiguation page lists articles
378th
Work by Xenophon
until 378 BC, when a group of Thebans expelled the Spartans and reclaimed the city (5.4.1-12). This later led to the Boeotian War from 378–371 BC. The
Hellenica
Ancient Roman family
378 BC, commanded in the war with the Volsci of Antium. Marcus Furius L. f. S. n. Camillus, consular tribune in 401, 398, 394, 386, 384, and 381 BC,
Furia_gens
Calendar year
Year 375 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the First year without Tribunate or Consulship (or, less frequently
375_BC
4th-century work by St. Jerome
year of Valens, 1155 years (776 BC–AD 378) From the founding of Rome to the 14th year of Valens, 1131 years (753 BC–AD 378), 240 years under kings, 464 years
Chronicon_(Jerome)
Ancient Roman family
388, and 386 BC. Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Fidenas, consular tribune in 382, 378, and 369 BC. Spurius Servilius Priscus, censor in 378 BC. Gaius Servilius
Servilia_gens
4th-century BC Greek statesman and general
and showed all the requisites and abilities of a good general. From 378 BC to 356 BC, Timotheus frequently held command as "strategos" in the wars between
Timotheus_(general)
4th-century BC Egyptian pharaoh
general Chabrias. Nectanebo carried out the coronation ceremony in c. 379/378 BC in both Sais and Memphis, and shifted the capital from Mendes to Sebennytos
Nectanebo_I
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
(Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Aléxandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was king of the ancient
Alexander_the_Great
War between Rome and Carthage (218–201 BC)
(218–201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17
Second_Punic_War
28th BC – 27th BC – 26th BC – 25th BC – 24th BC – 23rd BC – 22nd BC – 21st BC – 20th BC – 19th BC – 18th BC – 17th BC – 16th BC – 15th BC – 14th BC – 13th
Timeline_of_ancient_history
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of
Roman_Republic
Ancient citadel above the city of Athens
was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495–429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the buildings
Acropolis_of_Athens
Calendar year
Year 379 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Vulso, Iullus, Sextilius
379_BC
Ancient Roman family
consular tribune in 378 BC. Marcus Horatius M. f. L. n. Barbatus, with Lucius Valerius Potitus, helped to abolish the decemvirate in 449 BC; the two elected
Horatia_gens
Intercalary month of the Roman calendar
intercalary month of the Roman calendar. The resulting leap year was either 377 or 378 days long. It theoretically occurred every two (or occasionally three) years
Mercedonius
City-state in ancient Greece
allied with Athens, fought against Sparta in the Corinthian War of 395–387 BC. In 378, the attempt of the Spartan commander Sphodrias to capture Piraeus by
Classical_Athens
Ancient Roman family
Licinius as consular tribune in 377 or 378 B.C. based on Livy, vi. 31. 377 appears to be an error in the text, as 378 appears in the chronology in the appendix
Licinia_gens
Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)
dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and the
Han_dynasty
Coin production and deployment
in the Warring States period by the State of Qin, possibly as early as 378 BC. A remarkable find was some bamboo tablets, amongst which were found regulations
Ancient_Chinese_coinage
of Adrianople (378) Siege of Adrianople (378) Battle of Constantinople (378) Battle of Thessalonica (380) Battle of Argentovaria (378) Frankish invasion
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples
Calendar year
Year 372 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Fourth year without Tribunate or Consulship (or, less frequently
372_BC
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (c. 600 AD), comprising a loose collection
Ancient_Greece
Neo-Babylonian Empire from around 605 BC to 538 BC. Prior to the rise of the Babylonian Empire in the late 7th century BC, Phoenicia had been a well-sought
Phoenicia under Babylonian rule
Phoenicia_under_Babylonian_rule
3100 BC, with several times of fragmentation and foreign rule. The specific title of "pharaoh" (pr-ꜥꜣ) was not used until the New Kingdom, c. 1400 BC, but
List_of_pharaohs
5000 BC – 4500 BC: Rowing oars in China 4500 BC – 3500 BC: Lost-wax casting in Palestine or the Indus Valley 4400 BC: Fired bricks in China. 4000 BC: Probable
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
17% Hamid Nadji 4,337 7.25% Denis Blanchette 1,573 2.63% Ali Dahan (Ind.) 378 0.63% Joël Lightbound Louis-Saint-Laurent Nathanielle Morin 11,228 17.52%
Results of the 2021 Canadian federal election by riding
Results_of_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding
Italia 378–371 BC Boeotian War 378–362 BC Theban-Spartan War 357–355 BC Social War 356–346 BC Third Sacred War 346-344 BC Foreign War 335 BC Alexander's
List_of_conflicts_in_Europe
Calendar year
The year 506 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufus and Aquilinus (or
506_BC
Military history
From its origin as a city-state on the peninsula of Italy in the 8th century BC, to its rise as an empire covering much of Southern Europe, Western Europe
Campaign history of the Roman military
Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military
Calendar year
Year 96 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Longinus (or, less frequently
96_BC
Calendar used in Ancient Rome
used inclusively of the Julian calendar established by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. According to most Roman accounts, their original calendar was established
Roman_calendar
Putative archaic Roman executive magistracy
of consular tribunes held office throughout the fifth and fourth centuries BC during the so-called "Conflict of the Orders". The ancient historian Livy
Consular_tribune
War in the Roman Republic (49–45 BC)
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) occurred during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Julius Caesar and Pompey. The main cause of the war was
Caesar's_civil_war
4th-century BC battle in Sicily
as is its exact date (placed at 383 BC by Allcroft and Masom, 379 BC by Montagu, 378 BC by Champion, and 377 BC by Ray) and location, although it is
Battle_of_Cabala
Major Mesopotamian civilization
from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Assyrian history spans
Assyria
Calendar year
Year 165 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Octavius (or, less frequently
165_BC
succession of Rome. Millennia: 1st BC · 1st–2nd Centuries: 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th ·
Timeline_of_Roman_history
Aspect of women's history
to her. 1479–1458 BC – Reign of Hatshepsut. It is possible that she led military campaigns against Nubia and Canaan. 13th century BC – Estimated time of
Women_in_ancient_warfare
East Asian ethnic group
successive periods of Chinese history, for example the Qin (221–206 BC) and Han (202 BC – 220 AD) dynasties, leading to a demographic and economic tilt towards
Han_Chinese
Roman emperor from 364 to 378
Ancient Greek: Οὐάλης, romanized: Ouálēs; 328 – 9 August 378) was Roman emperor from 364 to 378. Following a largely unremarkable military career, he was
Valens
List of links describing conflicts Rome was involved in
Revolt (503–502 BC) 502 BC – Battle of Pometia – The Romans put down the revolt of Pometia and Cora. First Latin War (498–411 BC) 496 BC – Battle of Lake
List of Roman external wars and battles
List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles
Historical region of Greece, including the city of Athens
divided into demoi, or municipalities, from the reform of Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, grouped into three zones: urban (astu) in the region of Athens main town
Attica
Italian sports car manufacturer
from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.2 seconds and has a top speed of 235 mph (378 km/h). Only 100 units of the Huayra were produced, each costing £1,000,000
Pagani_Automobili
Calendar year
Year 95 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Scaevola (or, less frequently
95_BC
200 BC–10 AD Greek kingdom in South Asia
shape of ancient thought", p. 378. Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science
Indo-Greek_Kingdom
Roman senator and general (c. 86 BC–42 BC)
BC – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC.
Gaius_Cassius_Longinus
Calendar year
Year 371 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Fifth year without Tribunate or Consulship (or, less frequently
371_BC
Athenian statesman and general (c.-495,-429)
Pericles (/ˈpɛrɪkliːz/ ; Ancient Greek: Περικλῆς; c. 495–429 BC) was a Greek statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens. He was prominent and
Pericles
"Memory, Symbol, and Arson: Was Rome "Sacked" in 1084?". Speculum. 78 (2): 378–399 Ernest Barker (1911). "Bohemund". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia
Chronology of the Crusades, 1095–1187
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1095–1187
Calendar year
The year 505 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Volusus and Tubertus (or
505_BC
7:00 p.m. UTC−4 BMO Field, Toronto July 2, 2026 (2026-07-02) 8:00 p.m. UTC−7 BC Place, Vancouver July 3, 2026 (2026-07-03) 1:00 p.m. UTC−5 AT&T Stadium, Arlington
2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage
2026_FIFA_World_Cup_knockout_stage
Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD
century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC)
Ancient_Rome
Ancient Roman family
Macerinus, consul in 440 BC. Lucius Geganius Macerinus, consular tribune in 378 BC. Marcus Geganius Macerinus, consular tribune in 367 BC, the year that the
Gegania_gens
Calendar year
Year 436 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Cornelius (or, less frequently
436_BC
Paul Dewar 25,399 39.74% Jen Hunter 6,348 9.93% John Andrew Akpata (Mar.) 378 0.59% Paul Dewar Pierre Soublière (M-L) 95 0.15% Ottawa—Orléans Royal Galipeau
Results of the 2008 Canadian federal election by riding
Results_of_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding
Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)
Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage, fought on 2 August 216 BC near the ancient village of Cannae in Apulia, southeast Italy. The Carthaginians
Battle_of_Cannae
Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
Age in ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1750 to 1050 BC. It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in
Mycenaean_Greece
Calendar year
Year 435 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the First year of the Consulship of Iullus and Tricostus (or, less
435_BC
Phoenician city-state
Duncan Campbell; Adam Hook (2005). Siege Warfare in the Roman World: 146 BC-AD 378. Osprey Publishing. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-1-84176-782-6. George Mousourakis
Ancient_Carthage
perpetuo 100–44 BC Julia Minor died 51 BC Marcus Atius Balbus 105–51 BC Atia 85–43 BC Gaius Octavius c. 100–59 BC Augustus 63 BC–14 AD r. 27 BC – 14 AD Livia
Family_tree_of_Roman_emperors
378 BC
378 BC
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; possibly from a reduced form of the personal name Dominick.Chinese : from the name of Meng Mingshi, a senior minister of the state of Qin in the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). His descendants adopted the first character of his given name, which means ‘bright’, as their surname.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
God has judged, or God is judge. The Old Testament Daniel was a 6th century BC prophet who...
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : variant of Tang 2.Chinese : variant of Tang 3.Chinese : from a modification of the character Zhong (). In the Xia dynasty (2205–1766 bc), there existed a senior adviser whose name was Zhonggu. Much later, in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 ad), some descendants settled along a river that became known as the Tong Family river. As the Manchus moved southwards, some took up residence by this river and they too adopted Tong as their surname.Chinese : from Lao Tong, the ‘style name’ given to a son of Zhuan Xu, legendary emperor of the 26th century bc. Two of his sons became important advisers to the next emperor, Ku. Some descendants of Lao Tong adopted a character from his style name as their surname.Chinese : see also Dong.English : metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of tongs (Old English tang(e)), or a habitational name from one of the places named with this word (there are examples in Lancashire, Shropshire, and West Yorkshire), from their situation by a fork in a road or river, considered as resembling a pair of tongs.English : topographic name for someone who lived on a tongue of land, or a habitational name from a place named with this word (Old English tunge, Old Norse tunga), for example Tonge in Leicestershire.Dutch : from a short form of the personal name Antonius (see Anthony). It could also be from Dutch tong ‘tongue’ and hence a nickname for a chatterbox or scold, or possibly a shortening of Van Tongeren, a habitational name for someone from Tongeren in the province of Gelderland.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant spelling of Schum.Chinese : (Pinyin Cen) this surname was derived from an area so named during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Pink.Chinese : there are two sources of this name, which also means ‘peace’. One is the name of a senior minister of the state of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), who was posthumously named Yan Pingzhong. The other source is a city called Ping in the state of Han during the Warring States period (403–221 bc). It was granted to a marquis whose descendants adopted the place name as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname for a person with a sunny temperament. Compare Merryweather. There is a legend that a Scottish family of Highland origin assumed this name in punning allusion to Job 37:22, ‘Fair weather cometh out of the north’. At the present time the surname is most frequent in East Anglia.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish
Jewish : from the Hebrew personal name Amos, of uncertain origin, in some traditions connected with the Hebrew verb amos ‘to carry’, and assigned the meaning ‘borne by God’. This was the name of a Biblical prophet of the 8th century bc, whose oracles are recorded in the Book of Amos. This was one of the Biblical names taken up by Puritans and Nonconformists in the 16th–17th centuries, too late to have had much influence on surname formation, except in Wales.English : variant of Amis, assimilated in spelling to the Biblical name. It occurs chiefly in southeastern England.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Nye.Chinese : from the name of Nie City, which existed during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). It was granted to a son of a duke of the state of Qi; his descendants adopted the name of the city as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a tall person, from Old English lang, long, Old French long ‘long’, ‘tall’ (equivalent to Latin longus).Irish (Ulster (Armagh) and Munster) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Longáin (see Langan).Chinese : from the name of an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 bc). his descendants adopted this name as their surname. Additionally, a branch of the Liu clan (see Lau 1), descendants of Liu Lei, who supposedly had the ability to handle dragons, was granted the name Yu-Long (meaning roughly ‘resistor of dragons’) by the Xia emperor Kong Jia (1879–1849 bc). Some descendants later simplified Yu-Long to Long and adopted it as their surname.Chinese : there are two sources for this name. One was a place in the state of Lu in Shandong province during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). The other source is the Xiongnu nationality, a non-Han Chinese people.Chinese : variant of Lang.Cambodian : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person of a cheerful disposition, from Middle English, Old French joie, joye. In some cases it may derive from a personal name (normally borne by women) of this origin, which was in sporadic use during the Middle Ages.Thomas Joy (c. 1610–78), an architect and builder born probably in Hingham, Norfolk, England, appears in land records in Boston, MA, in 1636. He had a considerable influence on Boston architecture.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : variant of Wen 2.Chinese : from a character in the personal name of Hu Gongman, a retainer of Wu Wang. After the latter established the Zhou dynasty in 1122 bc, he granted the state of Chen to Hu Gongman, whose descendants adopted the second character of his given name, Man, as their surname. This character also means ‘Manchurian’, but the name does not appear to be related to this meaning.Chinese : variant of Wen 3.Chinese : variant of Wan 1.English and Jewish : variant spelling of Mann.Dutch : from Middle Dutch man ‘man’, ‘husband’, ‘vassal’, ‘arbiter’.French : from the Germanic personal name Manno (see Mann 2).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from the personal name Man, derived from Yiddish ‘man’.
Boy/Male
Latin
General from the 3rd century B.C. who crossed the Alps with 30,000 men and 38 elephants during...
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Wren.Dutch (de Ren) : origin unexplained.Variant spelling of German Renn.Swedish : soldier’s name, from ren ‘reindeer’.Chinese : from the name of Rencheng ‘Ren City’, which was granted to Yu Yang, the 25th son of the Emperor Huang Di (2697–2595 bc). Some of his descendants later adopted the place name as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the medieval French form of the Latin personal name Sabinus or its feminine form Sabina, originally an ethnic name for a member of an ancient Italic people of central Italy, whose name is of uncertain origin. According to legend, in the 8th century bc the Romans slaughtered the Sabine menfolk and carried off the women. More influential as far as name-giving is concerned was the existence of several Christian saints bearing this name. The masculine name was borne by at least ten early saints (martyrs and bishops), but as a given name the feminine form was always more popular.Jewish : probably also an Americanized form of some like-sounding Jewish name.
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : from the place name Pan, which existed in the state of Wei during the Zhou dynasty. Bi Gonggao, fifteenth son of the virtuous duke Wen Wang, was granted a state named Wei when the Zhou dynasty came to power in 1122 bc (see Feng 1). Bi Gonggao in turn granted the area called Pan to one of his sons, whose descendants eventually adopted Pan as their surname. This name is also Romanized as Poon, Pun, and Pon.Korean : There are two Chinese characters for this surname; only one of them, however, is common enough to warrant treatment here. There are three clans which use this character: the KisÅng (also called the KÅje), the Kwangju, and the Namp’yÅng. The founding ancestors of these clans were KoryÅ (918–1392) figures, and it is widely believed that they were related.Spanish and southern French (Occitan) : metonymic occupational name for a baker or a pantryman, from Spanish and Occitan pan ‘bread’ (Latin panis).English and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who cast pans, from Middle English, Middle Dutch panne ‘pan’.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish pan ‘lord’, ‘master’, ‘landowner’, hence a nickname for a haughty person.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling or translation of German Pfann (North German Pann).
Girl/Female
Hebrew American English Spanish
God has judged, or God is judge. The Old Testament Daniel was a 6th century BC prophet who...
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : there are two sources for this character for Wen, which also means ‘warm’. One is a territory named Wen, and the other an area named Wenyi. Descendants of rulers of these areas adopted Wen as their surname.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘literature’. Its origin, however, is from the given name of an ancient personage called Wen.Chinese : from a character that also means ‘hear’. During the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc), in the state of Lu there existed a man who has a supplementary name, Wenren. His descendants adopted the first character of his name, Wen, as their surname.English : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Rol(l)ant, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements hrÅd ‘renown’ + land ‘land’, ‘territory’ (or + -nand ‘bold’, assimilated to -lant ‘land’). This was popular throughout Europe in the Middle Ages as a result of the fame of Charlemagne’s warrior of this name, who was killed at Roncesvalles in ad 778.English : habitational name from places in Derbyshire and Sussex, so named from Old Norse rá ‘roebuck’ + lundr ‘wood’, ‘grove’.Variant of German and French Roland.
378 BC
378 BC
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Angel; In Each Detection
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Pure and Sweet Voice
Boy/Male
Sikh
One with the knowledge of the truth, Lord Brahma
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shivakumaran | ஷிவகà¯à®®à®¾à®°à®¨
Lord Murugan
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly southern) and Dutch
English (chiefly southern) and Dutch : topographic name for a dweller in a hollow (see Hole).English (chiefly southern) : topographic name for a dweller by a holly tree or on an island, from Middle English holm (see Holme) + man.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean
Light; Bringer of Light
Girl/Female
Tamil
Padmodbhava | பதà¯à®®à¯‹à®¤à¯à®ªà®¾à®µà®¾Â
One who emerged out of the lotus
Girl/Female
Greek American Hungarian
Poor, poor, or chaste. St. Agnes was a 3rd century Christian martyr whose January 21st feast day...
Surname or Lastname
English (Herefordshire and Worcestershire)
English (Herefordshire and Worcestershire) : habitational name from any of various places named from Old English rūh ‘rough’ + beorg ‘hill’, ‘mound’, notably Rubery in Hereford and Worcester.
Male
Ukrainian
, God's gift.
378 BC
378 BC
378 BC
378 BC
378 BC
n.
One of the posterity of Moab, the son of Lot. (Gen. xix. 37.) Also used adjectively.
n.
See Koran. R () R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 178, 179, and 250-254.
n.
See Fit a song. G () G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
n.
The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.
n.
A fibrous and muscular band lying within the longitudinal axis of the tongue in many mammals, as the dog. M () M, the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant, and from the manner of its formation, is called the labio-nasal consonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 178-180, 242.
a.
Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, as / (f/d), / (/ld), etc., and as eu and u in French, and o, u in German. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 11, 178.
n.
The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm. T () the twentieth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant. With the letter h it forms the digraph th, which has two distinct sounds, as in thin, then. See Guide to Pronunciation, //262-264, and also //153, 156, 169, 172, 176, 178-180.
n.
A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36 1/2, at Hamburg 38 1/4.
n.
A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.
n.
An instrument for scraping bones. Y () Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 145, 178-9, 272.
a.
At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc.
n.
Same as Eisel. F () F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form from the Greek digamma /, which probably had the value of English w consonant. The form and value of Greek letter came from the Phoenician, the ultimate source being probably Egyptian. Etymologically f is most closely related to p, k, v, and b; as in E. five, Gr. pe`nte; E. wolf, L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos; E. fox, vixen ; fragile, break; fruit, brook, v. t.; E. bear, L. ferre. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 178, 179, 188, 198, 230.